Physical self-concept according to gender in employees of a Chilean university
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.101416Keywords:
autoestima, autoconcepto, salud mental, calidad de vidaAbstract
Physical self-concept is one of the main domains of general self-concept and his research has focused primarily on school and university populations. In order to contribute to the knowledge of physical self-concept in other contexts, the present study aimed to determine the level of physical self-concept in Chilean university employees and to compare its dimensions between men and women employees of a Chilean university. A total of 429 staff members participated (M=40.70; SD=9.71 years), of which 271 were women (M=42.13; SD=9.91 years) and 158 men (41.73±9.38 years). To assess physical self-concept, the Physical Self Description Questionarie-Short version was applied to assess physical self-concept in online format. The results showed that 41.26% of the participants had a low (11.89%) and medium (29.37%) self-concept. In the comparison according to gender, differences were found in total physical self-concept (p=.013; ε²= .014) and in the dimensions of active life (p<.001; ε²= .036), appearance (p=.029; ε²= .011), (p=.013; ε²= .014), endurance (p<.001; ε²= .048), sport (p<.001; ε²= .080) and strength (p<.001; ε²= .052). Women presented a better self-concept in the appearance dimension and men presented a better self-concept in the other dimensions indicated. Low levels of physical self-concept are observed in both men and women. In general, men have a higher physical self-concept than women. Based on the above, it is recommended to apply physical activity and stress management programs to improve the physical self-concept of university employees.
Keywords. Self-esteem, Physic self-concept, mental health, workers.
References
Álvarez Rivera, L., Cuevas Ferrera, R., Lara Pot, A., y González Hernández, J. (2015). Diferencias del ACF en practi-cantes y no practicantes de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 15(2), 27-34.
Asociación Mundial Médica. (2013). Declaración de Helsinki de la AMM: principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. Disponible en línea: https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-para-las-investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/ (acceso el 30 Decem-ber 2022).
Baceviciene, M., Jankauskiene, R., y Emeljanovas, A. Self-perception of physical activity and fitness is related to lower psychosomatic health symptoms in adolescents with unhealthy lifestyles. BMC Public Health, 19, 980 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7311-2
Benavides Pando, E. V., Blanco Ornelas, J. R., Peinado Pérez, J. E., Guedea Delgado, J. C., y Ornelas Contreras, M. (2018). Factorial invariance of the Physical Self-Concept Scale in Mexican students (Invarianza factorial de la esca-la de autoconcepto físico en hombres y mujeres estudiantes universitarios). Retos, 34, 114–116. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i34.59618
Bauman, A. E., Reis, R. S., Sallis, J. F., Wells, J. C., Loos, R. J., Martin, B. W., y Lancet Physical Activity Series Working Group (2012). Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not?. Lancet, 380(9838), 258–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60735-1
Byrnes, J. P. (2003). Factors predictive of mathematics achievement in white, black, and hispanic 12th graders. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(2), 316-326. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.2.316
Cadena-Duarte, L. L., y Cardozo, L. A. (2021). Percepción del ACF en estudiantes universitarios en tiempos de confi-namiento por COVID-19. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 21(3), 48-61.
Cağlar E. (2009). Similarities and differences in physical self-concept of males and females during late adolescence and early adulthood. Adolescence, 44(174), 407–419.
Cardozo, L. A., Peña-Ibagón, J. C., Florez-Escobar, W., Castillo-Daza, C. A., Bonilla-Ocampo, D. A., y Reina-Monroy, J. L. (2023). ACF en estudiantes universitarios: Generación de perfiles por clasificación jerárquica sobre componentes principales. Retos, 48, 167–177. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.95076
Cancelliere, C., Cassidy, J.D., Ammendolia, C. & Côté, P. (2011). Are workplace health promotion programs effec-tive at improving presenteeism in workers? a systematic review and best evidence synthesis of the literature. BMC Public Health 11, 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-395
Chen, B., Wang, L., Li, B., y Liu, W. (2022). Work stress, mental health, and employee performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1006580. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1006580
Conde-Pipó, J., Melguizo-Ibáñez, E., Mariscal-Arcas, M., Zurita-Ortega, F., Ubago-Jiménez, J. L., Ramírez-Granizo, I., y González-Valero, G. (2021). Physical self-concept changes in adults and older adults: Influence of Emotional intelligence, intrinsic motivation and sports habits. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041711
De Miguel Calvo, JM, Schweiger Gallo, I., de las Mozas Majano, O., y Hernández López, JM (2011). Efecto del ejer-cicio físico en la productividad laboral y el bienestar. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 20 (2),589-604.
Duclos-Bastías, D., Giakoni-Ramírez, F., y Martínez-Cevallos, D. (2022). Physical Self-Concept and Physical Activity Levels in University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cluster Analysis. International Journal of environ-mental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2850. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052850
Eccles, J. (2005). Subjective task value and the Eccles et al. Model of Achievement-Related Choices. En A. J. Elliot y C. S. Dweck (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation (pp. 105–121). Publicaciones de Guilford.
Esnaola, I. (2009). Diferencias de sexo en el ACF durante el ciclo vital. Psicología Conductual, 17(2), 365-380.
Espinoza, L., Rodríguez, F., Gálvez, J., Vargas, P., y Yáñez, R. (2011). Valoración del autoconcepto físico en estu-diantes universitarios y su relación con la práctica deportiva. Journal of Movement & Health, 12(1), 22-26. https://doi.org/10.5027/jmh-vol12-issue1(2011)art31
Fernández-Bustos, J. G., González-Martí, I., y Onofre , R.(2016). Relación entre imagen corporal y ACF en mujeres adolescentes. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia, 47(1), 25-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14349/rlp.v42i2.478
Fox, K., y Corbin, C (1989). The Physical Self-Perception Profile: Development and preliminary validation. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 11(4), 408–430. Recuperado a partir de: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1990-11267-001
Gómez-Jorge, F., y Díaz-Garrido, E. (2023). The relation between Self-Esteem and Productivity: An analysis in higher education institutions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1112437. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1112437
González-Valero, G., Zurita-Ortega, F., Ubago-Jiménez, J. L., y Puertas-Molero, P. (2020). Motivation, self-concept and discipline in young adolescents who practice rhythmic gymnastics. An intervention. Children, 7(9), 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7090135
Goñi, A., Ruiz de Azúa, S., y Rodríguez, A. (2006). Cuestionario de ACF. Manual. Madrid: EOS.
Goñi, E., y Infante, G. (2010). Actividad físico-deportiva, ACF y satisfacción con la vida. European Journal of Education and Psychology, 3(2), 199-208.
Hu, L., y Bentler, P. (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives, Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6:1, 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M., y Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 41(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278
Kim, I., y Ahn, J. (2021). The effect of changes in physical self-concept through participation in exercise on changes in self-esteem and mental well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and PublicHhealth, 18(10), 5224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105224
Kim, Y. W., y Oh, S. H. (2017). Meta-analysis of the relationship between exercise participants’ physical self-concept and happiness. The Korean Journal of Physical Education, 56, 179-191. https://doi.org/10.23949/kjpe.2017.05.56.3.14
Maldonado, B. A., Prados, M. E., y Márquez, M. J. (2017). Reescribir el cuerpo educado. De la voz silenciada y la emoción contenida al cuerpo educando. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 3(1), 377-386. https://doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v3.1005
Mamani-Ramos, A., Damian-Nuñez, E., Paucar-Pancca, A., Fiestas-Flores, R., Quisocala-Ramos, J. A., Mamani-Cari, Y., Montoya-Castillo, P., Quispe-Cruz, H., Fuentes-Lopez, J., y Escarza-Maica, H. (2023). Propiedades psi-cométricas del cuestionario de ACF en adolescentes peruanos. Retos, 47, 1015–1021. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.95759
Marsh H, Martin A., y Jackson S. (2010). Introducing a short version of the physical self description questionnaire: New strategies, short-form evaluative criteria, and applications of factor analyses. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psy-chology, 32, 438–482. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.32.4.438.
Orth, U., Erol, R. Y., y Luciano, E. C. (2018). Development of self-esteem from age 4 to 94 years: A metaanalysis of longitudinal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 144(10), 1045-1080. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000161
Peart, N. D., Marsh, H. W., & Richards, G. E. (2005). The physical self description questionnaire: furthering research linking physical self-concept, physical activity and physical education. Australian Association For Research In Edu-cation 2005 Conference Papers. Recuperado a partir de: http://www.aare.edu.au/05pap/pea05307.pdf
Ramos, P., Jiménez-Iglesias, A., Rivera, F., y Moreno, C. (2016). Evolución de la práctica de la actividad física en los adolescentes españoles. International Journal of Medicine and Science of Physical Activity and Sport, 16(62), 335-353. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2016.62.010
Reynaga-Estrada, P., Arévalo Vázquez, E. I., Verdesoto Gáleas, Ángel M., Jiménez Ortega, I. M., Preciado Serrano, M. D. L., y Morales Acosta, J. J. (2016). Beneficios psicológicos de la actividad física en el trabajo de un centro educativo. Retos, 30, 203–206. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i30.50254
Rodríguez, A., y Fernández, A. (2005). Los componentes del bienestar psicológico y el ACF de los adolescentes. En M. I. Fajardo, F. Vicente, A. Ventura, I. Ruiz, y J. A. del Barrio (Eds.), Aportaciones psicológicas y mundo actual. Dan-do respuestas (pp. 465-480). Psicoex.
Roh S. (2018). The influence of physical self-perception of female college students participating in Pilates classes on perceived health state and psychological wellbeing. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 14(2), 192–198. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1836088.044
Sáez, I., Solabarrieta, J., y Rubio, I. (2020). Physical Self-Concept, Gender, and Physical Condition of Bizkaia Univer-sity Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 5152. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145152
Shavelson R., Hubner J., y Stanton G. (1976). Autoconcepto: Validación de interpretaciones de constructos. Review of Educational Research, 4, 407–441.
Singapore Statement on Research Integrity. (2010). Recuperado a partir de: https://wcrif.org/guidance/singapore-statement
Tapia, A. (2019). Diferencias en los niveles de actividad física, grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y ACF en adolescentes en función del sexo. Retos, 36, 185-192. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v36i36.67130
Urrutia, J., Vera, A., Flores Rivera, C., Hetz, K., Pavez-Adasme, G., y Poblete-Valderrama, F. (2023). Percepción de ACF en estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria en clases de Educación Física. Retos, 49, 510–518. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.98769
Vernetta , M., Álamo Martínez, G., y Peláez-Barrios, E. (2023). Condición física-salud y ACF en adolescentes cana-rios en función del género. Retos, 50, 566–575. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99875
Yokouchi, N., y Hashimoto, H. (2020). Evolving self-concept in the workplace and associated experience of stress: A case of a large Japanese company, Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 35(3), 175-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2020.1809438
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Retos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
