Diferencia del índice de esfuerzo percibido en reserva como método de autorregulación en comparación con los métodos de esfuerzo objetivo: una revisión sistemática (Difference of perceived effort index in reserve as a self-regulation method compared to objective effort methods: a systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.103317Palabras clave:
Subjective Effort, Training Load, Exercise MethodologiesResumen
El uso de escalas de tasa de esfuerzo percibido (RPE) basadas en repeticiones de reserva (RIR) puede ser un complemento a los métodos absolutos, como 1 repetición máxima (1RM), la variable porcentual con respecto a 1RM (xRM) y la velocidad concéntrica media (VCM), optimizando el control de la intensidad del entrenamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la validez del uso de la escala de esfuerzo subjetiva RPE-RIR como herramienta de autorregulación con respecto a los métodos de cuantificación de la intensidad de la carga de entrenamiento. Realizamos una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, WOS y Scopus. Se revisaron un total de 2.271 artículos, de los cuales 7 cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. En estos estudios participaron 147 sujetos entrenados en fuerza (novatos, experimentados, profesionales, levantadores de pesas), que respondieron a la implementación de protocolos que cuantifican la intensidad de carga subjetiva y objetiva (relación RPE-RIR e intensidad de carga objetiva, velocidad concéntrica media - 1RM/xRM). Se encontraron fuertes correlaciones entre las variables del estudio RPE-RIR/ Velocidad concéntrica media (r = 0,90 - 0,92; r = -0,98 a -1,00; EL: r = 0,85/ r = -0,88, NL: r = 0,85/ r = -0,77), RPE-RIR/1RM (r = 0,88 a 0,91). Las principales conclusiones de esta revisión sistemática en relación con los métodos y medios para cuantificar la intensidad objetiva y subjetiva de la carga de entrenamiento indican una fuerte correlación entre el RPE-RIR (como método subjetivo) y el VCM y 1RM/xRM (como método objetivo), especialmente en poblaciones inexpertas. Sin embargo, estas conclusiones deben considerarse individualmente, dadas las diferencias entre protocolos y movimientos analizados y el análisis limitado de poblaciones noveles.
Palabras clave: Esfuerzo subjetivo, carga de entrenamiento, metodologías de ejercicio.
Abstract. The use of rate of perceived effort scales (RPE) based on reserve repetitions (RIR) can be a complement to absolute methods, such as 1 maximum repetition (1RM), the percentage variable with respect to 1RM (xRM), and the average concentric velocity (ACV), optimizing control of training intensity. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of using a subjective RPE-RIR effort scale as a self-regulation tool with respect to quantifying the intensity of the training load. We perform a systematic search in PubMed, WOS, and Scopus databases. 2,271 articles were reviewed, of which 7 met the eligibility criteria. These studies involved 147 subjects trained in strength (novices, experienced professionals, and powerlifters), who responded to the implementation of protocols that quantify the subjective and objective load intensity (RPE-RIR relationship and objective load intensity, mean speed - 1RM/xRM). There are strong correlations between the variables in the RPE-RIR study/ Average concentric velocity (r = 0.90 - 0.92; r = -0,98 to -1,00; EL: r = 0.85/ r = -0.88, NL: r = 0.85/ r = -0.77), RPE-RIR/1RM (r = 0.88 to 0.91). The main conclusions of this systematic review regarding methods and means of quantifying objective and subjective intensity of training load indicate a strong correlation between RPE-RIR (as a subjective method) and ACV and 1RM/xRM (as an objective method), especially in inexperienced populations. However, these findings should be considered individually, given the differences between protocols and movements analyzed and the limited analysis of novice populations.
Keywords: Subjective Effort, Training Load, Exercise Methodologies.
Citas
Balsalobre C, Muñoz M, Marchante D, García A. Repetitions in Reserve and Rate of Perceived Exertion Increase the Prediction Capabilities of the Load-Velocity Relationship. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 35(3):724–30, 2018.
Balsalobre C, Jiménez P. Entrenamiento de Fuerza, nuevas perspectivas metodológicas. 2014;Vol 1.
Benedict T. Manipulating Resistance Training Program Variables to Optimize Maximum Strength in Men: A Review. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 13(3):289, 1999.
Bird S, Tarpenning K, Marino F. Designing resistance training programmes to enhance muscular fitness: A review of the acute programme variables. Sport Medicine. 35(10):841–51, 2005
Borg G. Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2–3:92–8, 1970.
Borg G. Perceived exertion: a note on "history" and methods. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 5(2):90–3, 1973.
Borg G. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 14(5):377–81, 1982.
Borresen J, Lambert MI. The Quantification of Training Load, the Training Response and the Effect on Performance. Sport Medicine 39(9):779–95, 2009
Cashin A, McAuley J. Clinimetrics: Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale. Journal of Physiotherapy 66(1):59, 2020.
Day ML, McGuigan MR, Brice G, Foster C. Monitoring resistance training using the session RPE scale. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 18(2):353–8, 2004
Fisher J, Steele J, Smith D. Evidence-Based Resistance Training Recommendations for Muscular Hypertrophy. Medicina Sportiva. 17(04):217–35, 2013.
Fleck S, Kraemer W. Designing Resistance Training Programs. 4th edition. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 2004.
Folland J, Williams A. The adaptations to strength training: Morphological and neurological contributions to increased strength. Sport Medicine 37(2):145–68, 2007
Fry A. The role of resistance exercise intensity on muscle fibre adaptations. Sport Medicine 2004;34(10):663–79, 2004.
Gearhart R, Goss F, Lagally K, Jakicic J, Gallagher J, Gallagher K, et al. Ratings of perceived exertion in active muscle during high-intensity and low-intensity resistance exercise. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 16(1):87–91, 2002.
Hoeger W, Hopkins D, Barette S, Hale D. Relationship between repetitions and selected percentages of one repetition maximum: a comparison between untrained and trained males and females. Journal of Applied Sport Science Research. 4(2): 47-54,1990.
González-Badilo J, Sánchez-Medina L, Kingdom U. Movement velocity as a measure to control resistance training intensity. Medicine & Science in Sports. 31:347–52, 2010.
González J, Sánchez L. Movement velocity as a measure of loading intensity in resistance training. International Journal of Sports Medicine 31(5):347–52, 2010.
Guerriero A, Varalda C, Piacentini MF. The role of velocity based training in the strength periodization for modern athletes. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 3(4):55, 2018.
Hackett D, Johnson N, Halaki M, Chow C. A novel scale to assess resistance-exercise effort. Journal of Sports Sciences 30(13):1405–13, 2012.
Hampson D, Clair Gibson A, Lambert M, Noakes T. The influence of sensory cues on the perception of exertion during exercise and central regulation of exercise performance. Sport Medicine 31(13):935–52, 2001.
Helms E, Kwan K, Sousa C, Cronin J, Storey A, Zourdos M. Methods for Regulating and Monitoring Resistance Training. Journal of Human Kinetics 74(1):23–42, 2020
Helms E, Cross M, Brown S, Storey A, Cronin J, Zourdos M. Rating of Perceived Exertion as a Method of Volume Autoregulation Within a Periodized Program. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 32(6):1627–36, 2018.
Helms E, Storey A, Cross M, Brown S, Lenetsky S, Ramsay H, et al. RPE and velocity relationships for the Back Squat, Bench Press, and Deadlift in Powerlifters. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 31(2):292–7, 2017a.
Helms E, Brown S, Cross M, Storey A, Cronin J, Zourdos M. Self-Rated Accuracy of Rating of Perceived Exertion-Based Load Prescription in Powerlifters. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 31(10):2938–43, 2017b.
Helms E, Cronin J, Storey A, Zourdos M. Application of the Repetitions in Reserve- Based Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale for Resistance Training. Strength & Conditioning Journal 38(4):42–9, 2016.
Lagally K, McCaw S, Young G, Medema H, Thomas D. Ratings of Perceived Exertion and Muscle activity during the Bench Press exercise in Recreational and Novice lifters. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 18(2):359–64, 2004.
Lagally K, Robertson R, Gallagher K, Goss F, Jakicic J, Lephart S, et al. Perceived exertion, electromyography, and blood lactate during acute bouts of resistance exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34(03):552–9, 2002.
Larsen S, Kristiansen E, van den Tillaar R. Effects of subjective and objective autoregulation methods for intensity and volume on enhancing maximal strength during resistance-training interventions: A systematic review. PeerJ 9:e10663, 2021.
Methley A, Campbell S, Chew C, McNally R, Cheraghi S. PICO, PICOS and SPIDER: A comparison study of specificity and sensitivity in three search tools for qualitative systematic reviews. BMC Health Services Research 14(1), 2014.
Morán-Navarro R, Martínez-Cava A, Sánchez-Medina L, Mora-Rodríguez R, González-Badillo JJ, Pallarés JG. Movement Velocity as a Measure of Level of Effort During Resistance Exercise. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 33(6):1496–504, 2019.
Morton N. The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a demographic study. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy 55(2):129–33, 2009.
Naclerio F, Larumbe-Zabala E. Loading intensity prediction by velocity and the OMNI-RES 0-10 scale in bench press. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 31(2):323–9, 2017.
Naclerio F, Rodríguez-Romo G, Barriopedro-Moro MI, Jiménez A, Alvar BA, Triplett NT. Control of resistance training intensity by the omni-perceived exertion scale. Journal of Strength Conditioning Research 25(7):1879–88, 2011
Ormsbee MJ, Carzoli JP, Klemp A, Allman BR, Zourdos MC, Kim JS, et al. Efficacy of the repetitions in reserve-based rating of perceived exertion for the bench press in experienced and novice benchers. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 33(2):337–45, 2019.
Odgers J, Zourdos M, Helms E, Candow D, Dahlstrom B, Bruno P, et al. Rating of perceived exertion and velocity relationships among trained males and females in the front squat and hexagonal bar deadlift. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 35(1):S23–30, 2021.
Page M, JE M, PM B, Boutron I, Hoffman T, Mulrow C, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71, 2021
Pallarés J, Sánchez L, Pérez C, De La Cruz E, Mora R. Imposing a pause between the eccentric and concentric phases increases the reliability of isoinertial strength assessments. Journal of Sports Sciences. 32(12):1165–75, 2014.
Naclerio F, Rodríguez-Romo G, Barriopedro-Moro MI, Jiménez A, Alvar BA, Triplett NT. Control of resistance training intensity by the omni-perceived exertion scale. Journal of Strength Conditioning Research 25(7):1879–88, 2011
Ormsbee MJ, Carzoli JP, Klemp A, Allman BR, Zourdos MC, Kim JS, et al. Efficacy of the repetitions in reserve-based rating of perceived exertion for the bench press in experienced and novice benchers. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 33(2):337–45, 2019.
Odgers J, Zourdos M, Helms E, Candow D, Dahlstrom B, Bruno P, et al. Rating of perceived exertion and velocity relationships among trained males and females in the front squat and hexagonal bar deadlift. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 35(1):S23–30, 2021.
Page M, JE M, PM B, Boutron I, Hoffman T, Mulrow C, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71, 2021
Pallarés J, Sánchez L, Pérez C, De La Cruz E, Mora R. Imposing a pause between the eccentric and concentric phases increases the reliability of isoinertial strength assessments. Journal of Sports Sciences. 32(12):1165–75, 2014.
Pageaux B. Perception of effort in Exercise Science: Definition, measurement, and perspectives. European Journal of Sport Science 16(8):885–94, 2016.
Pierce K, Rozenek R, Stone MH. Effects of high volume weight training on lactate, heart rate, and perceived exertion. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 7: 211–5, 1993.
Pincivero D, Coelho A, Campy R. Perceived exertion and maximal quadriceps femoris muscle strength during dynamic knee extension exercise in young adult males and females. European Journal of Applied Physiology 89(2):150–6, 2003.
Pincivero D, Lephart S, Moyna N, Karunakara R, Robertson R. Neuromuscular activation and RPE in the quadriceps at low and high isometric intensities. Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology 39(1):43–8, 1999.
Pritchett R, Green J, Wickwire P, Kovacs M. Acute and session RPE responses during resistance training: Bouts to failure at 60% and 90% of 1RM. South African Journal of Sports Medicine 21(1):23–6, 2009.
Robertson RJ, Goss FL, Rutkowski J, Lenz B, Dixon C, Timmer J, et al. Concurrent validation of the OMNI perceived exertion scale for resistance exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 35(2):333–41, 2003.
Sánchez L, González J, Pérez C, Pallarés J. Velocity- and power-load relationships of the bench pull vsBench press exercises. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 35(3):209–16, 2014.
Shimano T, Kraemer W, Spiering B, Volek J, Maresh C, Fleck S, et al. Relationship between the number of repetitions and selected percentages of one repetition maximum in free weight exercises in trained and untrained men. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 20(4):819–23, 2006.
Slimani M, Paravlic A, Granacher U. A meta-analysis to determine strength training related dose-response relationships for lower-limb muscle power development in young athletes. Frontiers in Physiology 22;9:1155, 2018
Suminski R, Robertson R, Arslanian S, Kang J, Utter A, Dasilva S, et al. Perception of effort during Resistance Exercise. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 11(4):261–5, 1997.
Sweet T, Foster C, McGuigan M, Brice G. Quantitation of Resistance Training Using the Session Rating of Perceived Exertion Method. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 18(4):796–802, 2004.
Zourdos M, Klemp A, Dolan C, Quiles J, Schau K, Jo E, et al. Novel resistance training-specific Rating of Perceived exertion scale measuring repetitions in reserve. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 30(1):267–75, 2016
Zourdos Mi, Goldsmith J, Helms E, Trepeck C, Halle J, Mendez K, et al. Proximity to failure and total repetitions performed in a set influences accuracy of intraset repetitions in reserve-based rating of perceived exertion. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 35(1):S158-S165, 2021.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Retos
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
