Ejercicio físico, hábitos alimentarios y estrés: ¿Qué ocurrió con los estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia? (Physical exercise, eating habits and stress: What happened to university student during the pandemic?)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.100856Palabras clave:
Salud mental, Aptitud física, Calidad de vidaResumen
Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, el confinamiento, los cambios radicales en los hábitos de vida y las sospechas de contagio, favoreció el aumento de la vulnerabilidad al estrés. Con el objetivo de analizar la actividad física y la asociación con el estado nutricional, los hábitos nutricionales y la vulnerabilidad al estrés en estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia por COVID-19, se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, descriptivo, comparativo y transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 350 estudiantes, 207 mujeres y 143 hombres, que cursan carreras en Escuelas de Educación y Salud, de una universidad privada. Se aplicó la prueba de versión corta del IPAQ, la encuesta sobre hábitos alimentarios y la prueba de vulnerabilidad al estrés. Los hombres tienen MET más altos que las mujeres (p<0.001). Los pacientes obesos tipo I son menos vulnerables al estrés que el peso normal y el sobrepeso (p< 0.001). Los niveles altos de actividad física tenían hábitos alimenticios más saludables que la actividad física moderada o baja (p<0.001) y la actividad física alta en confinamiento tenía mayor vulnerabilidad a los niveles de estrés (p<0.001). Los hábitos alimenticios poco saludables fueron menos vulnerables al estrés que los hábitos alimenticios regulares o saludables (p<0.001). En conclusión, los estudiantes universitarios con niveles de actividad física más altos son más vulnerables al estrés en contextos de confinamiento, mientras que, estudiantes universitarios que presentan inactividad física y estados nutricionales menos saludable como obesidad tipo I, tienen menor probabilidad de vulnerabilidad al estrés en el mismo contexto.
Palabras clave: Actividad física, estudiantes universitarios, hábitos alimentarios, salud mental, sedentarismo.
Abstract. During the COVID-19 pandemic, confinement, radical changes in lifestyle habits and suspicions of contagion favored an increase in vulnerability to stress. With the objective of analyzing physical activity and the association with nutritional status, nutritional habits and vulnerability to stress in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic, a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional study was carries out. The sample was made up of 350 students, 207 women and 143 men, who are studying in Schools of Education and Health, at a private university. The IPAQ short version test, the eating habits survey and the stress vulnerability test were applied. Men have higher METs than women (p<0.001). Type I obese patients are less vulnerable to stress than normal weight and overweight patients (p<0.001). high levels of physical activity had healthier eating habits than moderate or low physical activity (p<0.001) and high physical activity in confinement had greater vulnerability to stress levels (p<0.001). Unhealthy eating habits were less vulnerable to stress than regular or healthy eating habits (p<0.001). In conclusion, college students with higher levels of physical activity are more vulnerable to stress in confinement context, whereas, college students with physical inactivity and less healthy nutritional states such as type I obesity are less likely to be vulnerable to stress in the same context.
Keywords: Physical activity, university students, eating habits, mental health, sedentary lifestyle.
Citas
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