Estado de ánimo en adultos físicamente activos e inactivos durante la pandemia por COVID-19 (Mood of physically active and inactive adults during the COVID-19 pandemic)

Autores/as

  • Guillermo Cortés-Roco, PhD Escuela de Educación. Carrera de Entrenador Deportivo. Universidad Viña del Mar. Universidad Mayor. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8033-4777
  • Juan Pablo Zavala-Crichton, PhD Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Andres Bello. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0727-4456
  • Jacqueline Páez-Herrera, PhD Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5189-8899
  • Jorge Olivares-Arancibia, Prof. AfySE Group, Research in Physical Activity and School Health, School of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidad de las Américas
  • Soledad Jímenez-Pavez, Prof. Escuela de Educación. Pedagogía en Inglés. Universidad Viña del Mar.
  • Rodrigo Alejandro Yañez Sepulveda Universidad Viña del Mar, Laboratorio de evaluación de la condición física de Quintero (LECOFQ)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.94904

Palabras clave:

Estado de ánimo, COVID-19, Nivel de actividad física.

Resumen

Objetivo: Comparar el estado de ánimo en un grupo de adultos físicamente activos (FA) entrenados de forma remota durante un periodo de cuarentena por COVID-19 y un grupo de adultos inactivos físicamente (IF). Métodos: Fue aplicada la Escala de Valoración del Estado de Ánimo (EVEA) a ambos grupos, FA (n = 15), edad 23±3,7 años de un club de cheerleading y a un grupo IF (n=15) edad 27±2,4 años, en dos ocasiones con un tiempo de separación de un mes. Se recopilaron datos, en ambos periodos, de estado de ánimo (EA), específicamente ansiedad, tristeza, alegría e ira. Fueron comparados los EA entre grupos en dos periodos y EA por grupo en cada periodo. Si el p-valor (sig) es menor a 0,05, se establece la presencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre mediciones y los grupos. Para calcular el tamaño del efecto (TE) de la diferencia, se aplicó la prueba d de Cohen. Resultados: Arrojaron en ambas mediciones que FA presentó en comparación a IF menos ansiedad (p = 0,00; TE 1,37; p = 0,00; TE 2,07), tristeza (p = 0,06; TE 0,57; p = 0,00; TE 1,99) e ira (p = 0,00; TE 0,77; p = 0,00; TE 3,43), y mayor alegría (p = 0,01, TE 0,98; p = 0,00; TE 3,60) respectivamente. Además, FA en la 2ª medición disminuyó la tristeza (p = 0,25, TE 0,45) y la ira (p = 0,05, TE 0,57) y aumentó la alegría (p = 0,05; TE 0,75), mientras que IF aumentó la ira (p = 0.00; TE 2,11) y disminuyó la alegría (p = 0,12, TE 1,07). Conclusión: FA presento mejor estado de ánimo que IF en ambas mediciones durante la pandemia COVID-19, y disminuyó EA negativo y aumentó EA positivo, dando cuenta de los efectos positivos del ejercicio físico sobre EA.

Palabras claves: Estado de ánimo, COVID-19, Nivel de actividad física, Pandemia, Cheerleading.

Abstract. Objective: To compare mood in a group of physically active adults (PA) trained remotely during a COVID-19 quarantine period and a group of physically inactive adults (IF). Methods: The Mood Rating Scale (EVEA) was applied to both groups, PA (n = 15), age 23±3.7 years of a cheerleading club and to a group IF (n = 15) age 27±2.4 years, on two occasions with a separation time of one month. Data were collected, in both periods, on mood, specifically anxiety, sadness, joy and anger. Mood was compared between groups in two periods and mood by group in each period. If the p-value (sig) is less than 0.05, the presence of statistically significant differences between measurements and groups is established. To calculate the effect size (TE) of the difference, Cohen's d-test was applied. Results: Both measures showed that PA presented less anxiety compared to IF (p = 0.00; ES 1.37; p = 0.00; ES 2.07), sadness (p = 0.06; ES 0.57; p = 0.00; ES 1.99) and anger (p = 0.00; ES 0.77; p = 0.00; ES 3.43), and greater joy (p = 0.01, ES 0.98; p = 0.00; ES 3,60) respectively. In addition, PA in the 2nd measurement decreased sadness (p = 0.25, ES 0.45) and anger (p = 0.05, ES 0.57) and increased joy (p = 0.05; ES 0.75), while IF increased anger (p = 0.00; ES 2.11) and decreased joy (p = 0.12, ES 1.07). Conclusion: PA presented better mood than IF in both measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and decreased negative mood and increased positive mood, accounting for the positive effects of physical exercise on mood.

Keywords: Mood, COVID-19, Physical activity level, Pandemic, Cheerleading.

 

Biografía del autor/a

Rodrigo Alejandro Yañez Sepulveda, Universidad Viña del Mar, Laboratorio de evaluación de la condición física de Quintero (LECOFQ)

Escuela de Educación. Pedagogía en Educación Física. Universidad Viña del Mar, Chile. 

Laboratorio de evaluación de la condición física de Quintero (LECOFQ). 

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Publicado

2023-06-28

Cómo citar

Cortés-Roco, G., Zavala-Crichton, J. P., Páez-Herrera, J., Olivares-Arancibia, J., Jímenez-Pavez, S., & Yañez Sepulveda, R. A. (2023). Estado de ánimo en adultos físicamente activos e inactivos durante la pandemia por COVID-19 (Mood of physically active and inactive adults during the COVID-19 pandemic). Retos, 49, 685–690. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.94904

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