Efecto de dos programas de entrenamiento con diferente distribución de intensidad (polarizada vs umbral) en el rendimiento aeróbico en ciclistas entrenados (Effect of two training schedules with different distribution of intensity (polarized vs threshol

Autores/as

  • Tomas Ignacio Rivera-Kofler Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile.
  • Juan Zavala-Crichton Pedagogía en Educación Física. Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar. Chile.
  • Jorge Olivares-Arancibia Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación Física. Universidad de Las Américas. Santiago, Chile.
  • Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda Pedagogía en Educación Física. Universidad de Viña del Mar, Chile http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9618-3686

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.80432

Palabras clave:

Rendimiento aeróbico, intensidad, entrenamiento, umbral funcional, distribución ., (aerobic performance, intensity, training, functional threshold, intensity distribution)

Resumen

En la actualidad son dos los modelos de entrenamiento más utilizados que condicionan la metodología de trabajo en atletas de resistencia: i) Entrenamiento al umbral (UMB) y ii) Entrenamiento polarizado (POL). El objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar el efecto de dos programaciones de entrenamiento con diferente distribución de intensidad (polarizada vs umbral) en el rendimiento aeróbico de ciclistas entrenados en un período de 4 semanas. En la investigación participaron 18 ciclistas entrenados que fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en grupo UMB (n= 9; edad 38 ± 7 años; altura 171,8 ± 6,9 cm; peso corporal 74,10 ± 10,94) y grupo POL (n= 9; edad 31,4 ± 12,2 años; altura 167,5 ± 6,7 cm; peso corporal 63,88 ± 5,37) quienes realizaron 4 semanas de entrenamiento. Ambas metodologías se ejecutaron bajo similares características en cuanto al tiempo total de entrenamiento (UMB: 1085 min/sem; POL: 1024 min/sem) pero con diferente distribución de intensidad (UMB= 70% en zona 1; 30% en zona 2; 0% en zona 3; POL= 88% en zona 1; 0% en zona 2; 12% en zona 3). Peso corporal (kg) y potencia al umbral funcional (PUF) fueron medidos antes y después de cada programación. Sólo grupo con carga POL redujo su peso corporal después del programa (POL= -1,38%; p= 0,003). También, grupo POL mejoró su PUF (5,48%; p= 0,012) y por defecto los valores de vatios por kilogramo de peso (V/kg) se vieron incrementados (7,17%; p= 0,015). En comparación a distribución de intensidad UMB, cuatro semanas de entrenamiento POL mejora el rendimiento aeróbico en ciclistas entrenados. 

Abstract Currently there are two most used training models that condition the work methodology in endurance athletes: Threshold Training (UMB) and polarized training (POL). The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of both programs on the aerobic performance of trained cyclists. The research included 18 athletes who were randomly distributed in the BMU group (n= 9; age 38 ± 7 years; height 171.8 ± 6.9 cm; body weight 74.10 ± 10.94) and the POL group (n= 9; age 31.4 ± 12.2 years; height 167.5 ± 6.7 cm; weight 63.88 ± 5.37) who completed 4 weeks of training. Both methodologies were executed under similar characteristics in terms of total training time (BMU; 1085 min / wk; POL; 1024 min/wk) but with different intensity distribution (BMU= 70% in zone 1; 30% in zone 2; 0% in zone 3; POL= 88% in zone 1; 0% in zone 2; 12% in zone 3). Body weight (kg) and functional threshold power (PUF) were measured before and after each programming. Only group with POL load reduced their body weight after the program (POL= -1.38%; p = 0.003). Also, group POL improved their PUF (5.48%; p= 0.012) and by default the watt values per kilogram of weight (V/kg) they were increased (7.17%; p= 0.015). Compared to UMB intensity distribution, 4 weeks of POL training improves aerobic performance in trained cyclists.

Citas

Allen, H., Coggan, A. R., & McGregor, S. (2019). Training and racing with a power meter. VeloPress.

Clemente-Suárez, V. J., Delgado-Moreno, R., González, B., Ortega, J., & Ramos-Campo, D. J. (2018). Amateur endurance triathletes’ performance is improved independently of volume or intensity-based training. Physiology & behavior.

Clemente Suarez, V. J., & González-Ravé, J. M. (2014). Four weeks of training with different aerobic workload distributions–Effect on aerobic performance. European journal of sport science, 14(sup1), S1-S7.

Cohen J. (1992). A power primer. Psychol Bull, 112:155–159.

Esteve-Lanao, J., Foster, C., Seiler, S., & Lucia, A. (2007). Impact of training intensity distribution on performance in endurance athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(3), 943-949.

Evertsen, F., Medbø, J. I., & Bonen, A. (2001). Effect of training intensity on muscle lactate transporters and lactate threshold of cross‐country skiers. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 173(2), 195-205.

Laursen, P. B., & Jenkins, D. G. (2002). The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training. Sports medicine, 32(1), 53-73.

Londeree, B. R. (1997). Effect of training on lactate/ventilatory thresholds: a meta-analysis.

Lucía, A., Hoyos, J., Pardo, J., & Chicharro, J. L. (2000). Metabolic and neuromuscular adaptations to endurance training in professional cyclists: a longitudinal study. The Japanese journal of physiology, 50(3), 381-388.

Mann, T. N., Webster, C., Lamberts, R. P., & Lambert, M. I. (2014). Effect of exercise intensity on post-exercise oxygen consumption and heart rate recovery. European journal of applied physiology, 114(9), 1809-1820.

Manunzio, C., Mester, J., Kaiser, W., & Wahl, P. (2016). Training intensity distribution and changes in performance and physiology of a 2nd place finisher team of the race across America over a 6 month preparation period. Frontiers in physiology, 7, 642.

Midgley, A. W., McNaughton, L. R., & Wilkinson, M. (2006). Is there an optimal training intensity for enhancing the maximal oxygen uptake of distance runners? Sports Medicine, 36(2), 117-132.

Muñoz, I., Seiler, S., Bautista, J., España, J., Larumbe, E., & Esteve-Lanao, J. (2014). Does polarized training improve performance in recreational runners? International journal of sports physiology and performance, 9(2), 265-272.

Myakinchenko, E. B., Kriuchkov, A. S., Adodin, N. V., Dikunets, M. A., & Shestakov, M. P. (2020). One-year periodization of training loads of Russian and Norwegian elite cross-country skiers.

Neal, C. M., Hunter, A. M., Brennan, L., O'Sullivan, A., Hamilton, D. L., DeVito, G., & Galloway, S. D. (2012). Six weeks of a polarized training-intensity distribution leads to greater physiological and performance adaptations than a threshold model in trained cyclists. Journal of applied physiology, 114(4), 461-471

Nimmerichter, A., Williams, C., Bachl, N., & Eston, R. (2010). Evaluation of a field test to assess performance in elite cyclists. International journal of sports medicine, 31(03), 160-166.

Pérez, A., Ramos-Campo, D. J., Freitas, T. T., Rubio-Arias, J. Á., Marín-Cascales, E., & Alcaraz, P. E. (2018). Effect of two different intensity distribution training programmes on aerobic and body composition variables in ultra-endurance runners. European journal of sport science, 1-9.

Ravé, J. G., Valdivielso, F. N., & Gaspar, P. M. P. (2007). La planificación del entrenamiento deportivo: cambios vinculados a las nuevas formas de entender las estructuras deportivas contemporáneas. Conexões, 5(1), 1-22.

Rodriguez, E. F., Ramos, O. R., Marbán, R. M., & del Palacio, A. C. (2019). Umbral Anaeróbico: problemas conceptuales y aplicaciones prácticas en deportes de resistencia. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, (36), 521-528.

Scharhag‐Rosenberger, F., Walitzek, S., Kindermann, W., & Meyer, T. (2012). Differences in adaptations to 1 year of aerobic endurance training: individual patterns of nonresponse. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 22(1), 113-118.

SCHUMACHER, Y. O., & MUELLER, P. (2002). The 4000-m team pursuit cycling world record: theoretical and practical aspects. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(6), 1029-1036.

Seiler, K. S., & Kjerland, G. Ø. (2006). Quantifying training intensity distribution in elite endurance athletes: is there evidence for an “optimal” distribution? Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 16(1), 49-56.

Seiler, S. (2010). What is best practice for training intensity and duration distribution in endurance athletes? International journal of sports physiology and performance, 5(3), 276-291.

Stöggl, T. L., & Sperlich, B. (2015). The training intensity distribution among well-trained and elite endurance athletes. Frontiers in physiology, 6, 295.

Stöggl, T., & Sperlich, B. (2014). Polarized training has greater impact on key endurance variables than threshold, high intensity, or high-volume training. Frontiers in physiology, 5, 33.

Treff, G., Winkert, K., Sareban, M., Steinacker, J. M., & Sperlich, B. (2019). The Polarization-Index: A Simple Calculation to Distinguish Polarized from Non-Polarized Training Intensity Distributions. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 707.

Treff, G., Winkert, K., Sareban, M., Steinacker, J. M., Becker, M., & Sperlich, B. (2017). Eleven-week preparation involving polarized intensity distribution is not superior to pyramidal distribution in national elite rowers. Frontiers in physiology, 8, 515.

Wolpern, A. E., Burgos, D. J., Janot, J. M., & Dalleck, L. C. (2015). Is a threshold-based model a superior method to the relative percent concept for establishing individual exercise intensity? a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 7(1), 16.

World Medical Association. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA, 310(20):2191-2194.

Descargas

Publicado

2021-01-01

Cómo citar

Rivera-Kofler, T. I., Zavala-Crichton, J., Olivares-Arancibia, J., & Yáñez-Sepúlveda, R. (2021). Efecto de dos programas de entrenamiento con diferente distribución de intensidad (polarizada vs umbral) en el rendimiento aeróbico en ciclistas entrenados (Effect of two training schedules with different distribution of intensity (polarized vs threshol. Retos, 39, 685–690. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.80432

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a

1 2 > >>