Intensidad del fútbol según posición de juego en un equipo de la liga profesional juvenil de Chile (Soccer intensity according to playing position in a Chilean professional youth league team)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.103784Palabras clave:
GPS, Deporte, Carga interna, Rendimiento, RHIEResumen
Antecedentes. El fútbol es un deporte colectivo que genera altas demandas bioenergéticas, pero en la actualidad existe escasa evidencia del análisis de la intensidad de juego en futbolistas jóvenes en Chile. Objetivo. Comparar la carga externa según posición de juego en futbolistas jóvenes (sub-19) de un equipo de la liga profesional de fútbol de Chile. Métodos. Participaron 16 futbolistas jóvenes chilenos pertenecientes a un equipo profesional con edades entre 17 y 19 años (18,2 ± 0,32), que fueron distribuidos según posición de juego en defensas (n=6), volantes (n=5) y delanteros (n=5). Se evalúo la intensidad de juego durante cinco partidos de la fase final del campeonato de primera división de Chile con un sistema de monitoreo de posicionamiento global (GPS) inalámbrico marca Catapult® utilizando una frecuencia de muestreo de 10Hz. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias en la distancia total en el primer tiempo entre defensas y delanteros, entre defensas y volantes con un tamaño del efecto medio (η²p=0,302), también hubo diferencias en sprint > 25-30 km/h entre defensas y delanteros, entre defensas y volantes, y entre delanteros y volantes con un tamaño del efecto pequeño (η²p =0,225), finalmente hubo diferencias en los metros de alta intensidad entre delanteros y volantes, entre delanteros y defensas con un tamaño del efecto medio (η²p =0,252), mientras que los sprint de muy alta intensidad (> 31km/h) presentaron diferencias solo entre delanteros y volantes con un tamaño del efecto pequeño (η²p =0.137). Conclusiones. En el presente estudio se encontraron diferencias en la carga externa según posición de juego, siendo los delanteros los que presentan mayores intensidades de juego durante el partido en comparación con los defensas y volantes. Estos resultados entregan datos referenciales que pueden ser utilizados para la toma de decisiones por parte de los equipos técnicos para la optimización táctica, individualización del entrenamiento y gestión de la recuperación en futbolistas jóvenes.
Palabras Clave: GPS, Deporte, Carga interna, Rendimiento, RHIE.
Abstract. Background. Soccer is a collective sport that generates high bioenergetic demands, but at present there is little evidence on the analysis of game intensity in youth soccer players in Chile. Objective. To compare the external load according to playing position in young soccer players (U-19) of a professional soccer league team. Methods. Sixteen young Chilean soccer players belonging to a professional team aged between 17 and 19 years (18.2 ± 0.32), who were distributed according to playing position as defenders (n=6), midfielders (n=5) and forwards (n=5), participated in the study. The intensity of play during five games of the final phase of the Chilean first division championship was evaluated with a Catapult® wireless global positioning system (GPS) using a sampling frequency of 10Hz. Results. Differences were found in total distance in the first half between defenders and forwards, between defenders and midfielders with a medium effect size (η²p=0.302), there were also differences in sprinting > 25-30 km/h between defenders and forwards, between defenders and midfielders, and between forwards and midfielders with a small effect size (η²p =0, 225), finally there were differences in high intensity meters between forwards and midfielders, between forwards and defenders with a medium effect size (η²p =0.252), while very high intensity sprinting (> 31km/h) presented differences only between forwards and midfielders with a small effect size (η²p =0. 137). Conclusions. In the present study, differences were found in external loading according to playing position, with forwards presenting higher intensities of play during the match compared to defenders and midfielders. These results provide reference data that can be used for decision making by technical teams for tactical optimization, individualization of training and recovery management in young players.
Keywords: GPS, Sport, External Load, Performance, RHIE.
Citas
Abade, E. A., Gonçalves, B. V., Silva, A. M., Leite, N. M., Castagna, C., & Sampaio, J. E. (2014). Classifying young soccer players by training performances. Perceptual and motor skills, 119(3), 971–984. https://doi.org/10.2466/10.25.PMS.119c31z8
Abbott, W., Brickley, G., & Smeeton, N. J. (2018). Physical demands of playing position within English Premier League academy soccer. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 13(2), 285–295. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2018.132.04
Ade, J., Fitzpatrick, J., & Bradley, P. S. (2016). High-intensity efforts in elite soccer matches and associated movement patterns, technical skills and tactical actions. Information for position-specific training drills. Journal of sports sci-ences, 34(24), 2205–2214. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1217343
Akenhead, R., Harley, J. A., & Tweddle, S. P. (2016). Examining the External Training Load of an English Premier League Football Team With Special Reference to Acceleration. Journal of strength and conditioning re-search, 30(9), 2424–2432. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001343
Akubat, I., Patel, E., Barrett, S., Abt, G. (2012). Methods of monitoring the training and match load and their relation-ship to changes in fitness in professional youth soccer players. J Sports Sci, 30(14):1473-80. https://doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.712711
Altavilla, G., Riela, L., Tore, A.P., & Raiola, G. (2017). The Physical Effort Required from Professional Football Play-ers in Different Playing Positions. Journal of physical education and sport, 17, 2007-2012. Recuperado de: https://iris.unisalento.it/handle/11587/477846
Altmann, S., Forcher, L., Ruf, L., Beavan, A., Groß, T., Lussi, P., Woll, A., Härtel, S. (2021) Match-related physical performance in professional soccer: Position or player specific? PLoS One, 10;16(9):e0256695. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256695
Altmann, S., Forcher, L., Ruf, L., Beavan, A., Groß, T., Lussi, P., Woll, A., & Härtel, S. (2021). Match-related physi-cal performance in professional soccer: Position or player specific?. PloS one, 16(9), e0256695. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256695
Aquino, R., Carling C., Maia, J., Palucci L., Wilson R., Smith N., Almeida R., Gonçalves L., Kalva-Filho C., Garganta J., & Puggina E. (2020). Relationships between running demands in soccer match-play, anthropometric, and physi-cal fitness characteristics: a systematic review. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 20(3), 534-555. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2020.1746555
Bangsbo, J. (1994). The physiology of soccer--with special reference to intense intermittent exercise. Acta Physiol Scand Supp, 619:1-155. Recuperado de: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8059610/
Borresen, J., Lambert, M. (2009). The quantification of training load, the training response and the effect on perfor-mance. Sports Med, 39(9):779-95. https://doi:10.2165/11317780-000000000-00000.
Bourdon, P., Cardinale, M., Murray, A., Gastin, P., Kellmann, M., Varley, M., Gabbett, J., Coutts, A., Burgess, D., Gregson, W., Cable, N. (2017). Monitoring Athlete Training Loads: Consensus Statement. Int J Sports Physiol Per-form. 2017 (Suppl 2): S2161-S2170. https://doi:10.1123/IJSPP.2017-0208.
Bradley, P. S., Sheldon, W., Wooster, B., Olsen, P., Boanas, P., & Krustrup, P. (2009). High-intensity running in English FA Premier League soccer matches. Journal of sports sciences, 27(2), 159–168.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802512775
Brosnan, R. J., Watson, G., Stuart, W., Twentyman, C., Kitic, C. M., & Schmidt, M. (2022). The Validity, Reliability, and Agreement of Global Positioning System Units-Can We Compare Research and Applied Data?. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 36(12), 3330–3338. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004139
Castillo, D., Raya-González, J., Manuel Clemente, F., & Yanci, J. (2020). The influence of youth soccer players' sprint performance on the different sided games' external load using GPS devices. Research in sports medicine (Print), 28(2), 194–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2019.1643726
Carling C. (2013). Interpreting physical performance in professional soccer match-play: should we be more pragmatic in our approach?. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 43(8), 655–663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0055-8
Clavel, P., Leduc, C., Morin, J. B., Owen, C., Samozino, P., Peeters, A., Buchheit, M., & Lacome, M. (2022). Con-current Validity and Reliability of Sprinting Force-Velocity Profile Assessed With GPS Devices in Elite Athletes. In-ternational journal of sports physiology and performance, 17(10), 1527–1531. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0339
Clemente, F. M., Rabbani, A., Conte, D., Castillo, D., Afonso, J., Truman Clark, C. C., Nikolaidis, P. T., Rosemann, T., & Knechtle, B. (2019). Training/Match External Load Ratios in Professional Soccer Players: A Full-Season Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(17), 3057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173057
Cormier, P., Tsai, M. C., Meylan, C., Agar-Newman, D., Epp-Stobbe, A., Kalthoff, Z., & Klimstra, M. (2023). Con-current Validity and Reliability of Different Technologies for Sprint-Derived Horizontal Force-Velocity-Power Pro-filing. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 37(6), 1298–1305. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004429
Dalen, T., Ingebrigtsen, J., Ettema, G., Hjelde, G. H., & Wisløff, U. (2016). Player Load, Acceleration, and Decelera-tion During Forty-Five Competitive Matches of Elite Soccer. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 30(2), 351–359. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001063
de Hoyo, M., Cohen, D. D., Sañudo, B., Carrasco, L., Álvarez-Mesa, A., Del Ojo, J. J., Domínguez-Cobo, S., Mañas, V., & Otero-Esquina, C. (2016). Influence of football match time-motion parameters on recovery time course of muscle damage and jump ability. Journal of sports sciences, 34(14), 1363–1370. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1150603
Dellal A, Chamari K, Wong DP, Ahmaidi S, Keller D, Barros R, Bisciotti GN, Carling C, (2011). Comparison of physi-cal and technical performance in European soccer match-play: FA Premier League and La Liga. Eur J Sports Sci., 11:51–59. Recuperado de: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17461391.2010.481334
Dellaserra, C. L., Gao, Y., & Ransdell, L. (2014). Use of integrated technology in team sports: a review of opportuni-ties, challenges, and future directions for athletes. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 28(2), 556–573. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a952fb
Dolci, F., Hart, N. H., Kilding, A. E., Chivers, P., Piggott, B., & Spiteri, T. (2020). Physical and energetic demand of soccer: a brief review. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 42(3), 70-77.https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000533
Gaudino, P., Iaia, F. M., Alberti, G., Strudwick, A. J., Atkinson, G., & Gregson, W. (2013). Monitoring training in elite soccer players: systematic bias between running speed and metabolic power data. International journal of sports medicine, 34(11), 963–968. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1337943
Gómez-Carmona, C. D., Bastida-Castillo, A., Ibáñez, S. J., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2020). Accelerometry as a method for external workload monitoring in invasion team sports. A systematic review. PloS one, 15(8), e0236643. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236643
Haugen, T., Tønnessen, E., Hisdal, J., & Seiler, S. (2014). The role and development of sprinting speed in soccer. In-ternational journal of sports physiology and performance, 9(3), 432–441. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0121
IFAB. (2022). Laws of the game. Recuperado de: https://www.theifab.com/es/laws/2022-23/the-duration-of-the-match/#periods-of-play
Jaspers, A., De Beéck, T. O., Brink, M. S., Frencken, W. G. P., Staes, F., Davis, J. J., & Helsen, W. F. (2018). Rela-tionships Between the External and Internal Training Load in Professional Soccer: What Can We Learn From Ma-chine Learning?. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 13(5), 625–630. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0299
Johnston, R. J., Watsford, M. L., Kelly, S. J., Pine, M. J., & Spurrs, R. W. (2014). Validity and interunit reliability of 10 Hz and 15 Hz GPS units for assessing athlete movement demands. Journal of strength and conditioning re-search, 28(6), 1649–1655. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000323
Manzi, V., D'Ottavio, S., Impellizzeri, F. M., Chaouachi, A., Chamari, K., & Castagna, C. (2010). Profile of weekly training load in elite male professional basketball players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 24(5), 1399–1406. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d7552a
Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., & Bangsbo, J. (2003). Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special refer-ence to development of fatigue. Journal of sports sciences, 21(7), 519–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000071182
Op De Beéck, T., Jaspers, A., Brink, M. S., Frencken, W. G. P., Staes, F., Davis, J. J., & Helsen, W. F. (2019). Pre-dicting Future Perceived Wellness in Professional Soccer: The Role of Preceding Load and Wellness. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 14(8), 1074–1080. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0864
Pettersen, S. A., Krustrup, P., Bendiksen, M., Randers, M. B., Brito, J., Bangsbo, J., Jin, Y., & Mohr, M. (2014). Caf-feine supplementation does not affect match activities and fatigue resistance during match play in young football play-ers. Journal of sports sciences, 32(20), 1958–1965. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.965189
Pettersen, S. A., & Brenn, T. (2019). Activity Profiles by Position in Youth Elite Soccer Players in Official Matches. Sports medicine international open, 3(1), E19–E24. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0883-5540
Ravé, G., Granacher, U., Boullosa, D., Hackney, A. C., & Zouhal, H. (2020). How to Use Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Data to Monitor Training Load in the "Real World" of Elite Soccer. Frontiers in physiology, 11, 944. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00944
Sarmento, H., Marcelino, R., Anguera, M. T., CampaniÇo, J., Matos, N., & LeitÃo, J. C. (2014). Match analysis in football: a systematic review. Journal of sports sciences, 32(20), 1831–1843. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.898852
Saward, C., Morris, J. G., Nevill, M. E., Nevill, A. M., & Sunderland, C. (2016). Longitudinal development of match-running performance in elite male youth soccer players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 26(8), 933–942. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12534
Strauss, A., Sparks, M., & Pienaar, C. (2019). The Use of GPS Analysis to Quantify the Internal and External Match Demands of Semi-Elite Level Female Soccer Players during a Tournament. Journal of sports science & medicine, 18(1), 73–81.Recuperado de: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30787654/
Teixeira, José E., Pedro Forte, Ricardo Ferraz, Miguel Leal, Joana Ribeiro, António J. Silva, Tiago M. Barbosa, and António M. Monteiro. (2021). Quantifying Sub-Elite Youth Football Weekly Training Load and Recovery Variation. Applied Sciences, 11(11), 4871. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114871
Varley, M. C., Gregson, W., McMillan, K., Bonanno, D., Stafford, K., Modonutti, M., & Di Salvo, V. (2017). Physical and technical performance of elite youth soccer players during international tournaments: influence of playing posi-tion and team success and opponent quality. Science and Medicine in Football, 1(1), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1230676
Vigh-Larsen, J. F., Dalgas, U., & Andersen, T. B. (2018). Position-Specific Acceleration and Deceleration Profiles in Elite Youth and Senior Soccer Players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 32(4), 1114–1122. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001918
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Retos
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
