Intensidad del fútbol según posición de juego en un equipo de la liga profesional juvenil de Chile (Soccer intensity according to playing position in a Chilean professional youth league team)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.103784

Palabras clave:

GPS, Deporte, Carga interna, Rendimiento, RHIE

Resumen

Antecedentes. El fútbol es un deporte colectivo que genera altas demandas bioenergéticas, pero en la actualidad existe escasa evidencia del análisis de la intensidad de juego en futbolistas jóvenes en Chile. Objetivo. Comparar la carga externa según posición de juego en futbolistas jóvenes (sub-19) de un equipo de la liga profesional de fútbol de Chile. Métodos. Participaron 16 futbolistas jóvenes chilenos pertenecientes a un equipo profesional con edades entre 17 y 19 años (18,2 ± 0,32), que fueron distribuidos según posición de juego en defensas (n=6), volantes (n=5) y delanteros (n=5). Se evalúo la intensidad de juego durante cinco partidos de la fase final del campeonato de primera división de Chile con un sistema de monitoreo de posicionamiento global (GPS) inalámbrico marca Catapult® utilizando una frecuencia de muestreo de 10Hz. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias en la distancia total en el primer tiempo entre defensas y delanteros, entre defensas y volantes con un tamaño del efecto medio (η²p=0,302), también hubo diferencias en sprint > 25-30 km/h entre defensas y delanteros, entre defensas y volantes, y entre delanteros y volantes con un tamaño del efecto pequeño (η²p =0,225), finalmente hubo diferencias en los metros de alta intensidad entre delanteros y volantes, entre delanteros y defensas con un tamaño del efecto medio (η²p =0,252), mientras que los sprint de muy alta intensidad (> 31km/h) presentaron diferencias solo entre delanteros y volantes con un tamaño del efecto pequeño (η²p =0.137). Conclusiones. En el presente estudio se encontraron diferencias en la carga externa según posición de juego, siendo los delanteros los que presentan mayores intensidades de juego durante el partido en comparación con los defensas y volantes. Estos resultados entregan datos referenciales que pueden ser utilizados para la toma de decisiones por parte de los equipos técnicos para la optimización táctica, individualización del entrenamiento y gestión de la recuperación en futbolistas jóvenes.

Palabras Clave: GPS, Deporte, Carga interna, Rendimiento, RHIE.

Abstract. Background. Soccer is a collective sport that generates high bioenergetic demands, but at present there is little evidence on the analysis of game intensity in youth soccer players in Chile. Objective. To compare the external load according to playing position in young soccer players (U-19) of a professional soccer league team. Methods. Sixteen young Chilean soccer players belonging to a professional team aged between 17 and 19 years (18.2 ± 0.32), who were distributed according to playing position as defenders (n=6), midfielders (n=5) and forwards (n=5), participated in the study. The intensity of play during five games of the final phase of the Chilean first division championship was evaluated with a Catapult® wireless global positioning system (GPS) using a sampling frequency of 10Hz. Results. Differences were found in total distance in the first half between defenders and forwards, between defenders and midfielders with a medium effect size (η²p=0.302), there were also differences in sprinting > 25-30 km/h between defenders and forwards, between defenders and midfielders, and between forwards and midfielders with a small effect size (η²p =0, 225), finally there were differences in high intensity meters between forwards and midfielders, between forwards and defenders with a medium effect size (η²p =0.252), while very high intensity sprinting (> 31km/h) presented differences only between forwards and midfielders with a small effect size (η²p =0. 137). Conclusions. In the present study, differences were found in external loading according to playing position, with forwards presenting higher intensities of play during the match compared to defenders and midfielders. These results provide reference data that can be used for decision making by technical teams for tactical optimization, individualization of training and recovery management in young players.

Keywords: GPS, Sport, External Load, Performance, RHIE.

 

Biografía del autor/a

Rodrigo Alejandro Yañez Sepulveda , Universidad Andres Bello.

Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Andres Bello, Chile. 

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Publicado

2024-07-01

Cómo citar

Yañez Sepulveda, R. A., Cubillos, P., Cortés-Roco, G., Reyes-Amigo, T., Hurtado-Almonacid, J., Navarro, F., Titus, A., & Olivares-Arancibia, J. (2024). Intensidad del fútbol según posición de juego en un equipo de la liga profesional juvenil de Chile (Soccer intensity according to playing position in a Chilean professional youth league team). Retos, 56, 345–352. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.103784

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