Enfoques de evaluación orientados a la participación en los procesos de acción comunitaria

Autores/as

  • Héctor Núñez Departament Pedagogia Sistemàtica i Social Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
  • Estefanía Crespo Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
  • Asun Llena Berñe Universitat de Barcelona
  • Xavier Úcar Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2014.24.04

Palabras clave:

evaluación participativa, evaluación para el empoderamiento, enfoques participativos, acción comunitaria, investigación

Resumen

Introducción. La evaluación de las acciones comunitarias es una práctica recomendable en el trabajo con las comunidades, que puede ayudar a gestionar de manera adecuada los recursos y mejorar las intervenciones sociales y educativas planteadas. Los enfoques de evaluación orientados a la participación son una oportunidad para evaluar las acciones comunitarias contando con la implicación de todos los actores, no sólo con los que tienen un perfil técnico. A partir del repaso a la bibliografía internacional, en este trabajo se realiza un análisis teórico de los enfoques de evaluación orientados a la participación de las personas, con el triple objetivo de justificar su pertinencia en la evaluación de acciones comunitarias; presentar las características específicas de los enfoques participativos más citados en la bibliografía; y clarificar sus elementos y características compartidas. 
Método. Se ha efectuado una revisión y análisis sistemático de artículos científicos publicados a partir del año 2000 en revistas internacionales del ámbito de la evaluación y del desarrollo comunitario. Resultados. Los resultados presentan las características especificas de cuatro enfoques utilizados en el ámbito de la evaluación de acciones comunitarias: (1) Evaluación Colaborativa; (2) Evaluación Participativa-Práctica; (3) Evaluación Participativa-Transformadora; y (4) Evaluación para el Empoderamiento; y las características compartidas por estos cuatro enfoques y otros también orientados a la participación de las personas referenciados en la bibliografía.
Conclusiones. Desde nuestro punto de vista, los modelos que mejor se ajustan a los planteamientos socioeducativos de la acción comunitaria son la Evaluación Participativa Transformadora y la Evaluación para el Empoderamiento. La Evaluación Participativa en la que encuadramos nuestras acciones es aquella que nos permite cambiar y cambiarnos para, a través de este mismo proceso, adquirir nuevos poderes que nos permitan transformar las realidades que estamos viviendo.

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Biografía del autor/a

Héctor Núñez, Departament Pedagogia Sistemàtica i Social Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Diplomado en educación social. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Licenciado en pedagogía. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Profesor asociado de universidad. Dept. Pedagogia Sistemàtica i Social. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (2008 - 2011)

Actualmente becario de investigación predoctoral

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2014-06-11