Enfoques de avaliação orientados a participação em processos de ação comunitária
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2014.24.04Palavras-chave:
avaliação participativa, avaliação para o empoderamento, enfoques participativos, ação comunitária, investigaçãoResumo
Introdução. A avaliação das ações comunitárias é uma prática recomendável no trabalho com as comunidades que pode ajudar a gerenciar de maneira adequada os recursos e melhora as intervenções sociais e educativas planejadas. Os enfoques de avaliação orientados a participação são uma oportunidade para avaliar as ações comunitárias contando com a implicação de todos os atores, não só com os que tem um perfil técnico. A partir da revisão da bibliografia internacional, neste trabalho, se realiza uma análise teórica dos enfoques de avaliação orientados a participação da pessoa, com o triplo objetivo de justificar a sua pertinência na avaliação de ações comunitárias; apresentar as características específicas dos enfoques participativos mais citados na bibliografia; e esclarecer os elementos e características compartilhadas.
Método. Foi efetuada uma revisão e análise sistemática de artigos científicos publicados a partir dos anos 2000 em revistas internacionais do âmbito da avaliação e do desenvolvimento comunitário.
Resultados. Os resultados apresentam as características específicas de quatro enfoques utilizados no âmbito da avaliação de ações comunitárias: (1) Avaliação Colaborativa; (2) Avaliação Participativo-Prática; (3) Avaliação Participativa-Transformadora; e (4) Avaliação para o empoderamento; e as características compartilhadas por estes quatro enfoques e outros também orientados a participação das pessoas referenciadas na bibliografia.
Conclusões. Desde o nosso ponto de vista, os modelos que melhor se ajustam às abordagens socioeducativas de ação comunitária são a Avaliação Participativa Transformadora e a Avaliação para o Empoenderamento. A Avaliação Participativa que enquadramos as nossas ações são aquelas que permitem mudar e mudarmos para através deste mesmo processo adquirir novos poderes que nos permitam transformar as realidades que estamos vivendo.
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