Una revisión sistemática de la eficacia del Modelo de Rotación de Estaciones en el aprendizaje mixto
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INTRODUCCIÓN. Los docentes necesitan preparar al alumnado para las competencias del siglo XXI utilizando tecnologías emergentes y metodologías de enseñanza innovadoras. La rotación por estaciones, como modelo innovador de aprendizaje mixto, combina la instrucción del profesorado, el trabajo en grupo y el aprendizaje en línea en un entorno de aula en el que los alumnos pueden rotar en grupos en las estaciones preparadas por el docente. Presenta múltiples beneficios y retos para los alumnos y el maestro. MÉTODO. Hasta la fecha, se han encontrado escasas revisiones relacionadas con la eficacia del Modelo de Rotación de Estaciones (MRS). Por lo tanto, esta revisión sistemática, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA para garantizar la transparencia y la calidad, aborda esta laguna de la investigación mediante un examen exhaustivo de diferentes estudios. Se establecieron preguntas de investigación específicas, criterios de inclusión y exclusión y una lista de criterios de calidad. RESULTADOS. Esta revisión analizó 30 estudios que mostraron la importancia de una implementación coherente del modelo. Los estudiantes informaron sistemáticamente de experiencias positivas, sobre todo en cuanto a colaboración, satisfacción y motivación, debido a un entorno de aprendizaje dinámico. Los datos subrayan que es una forma de aprender estimulante basada en una experiencia personalizada con un alto grado de autonomía enriquecida con el uso de la tecnología. También destacó la capacidad del MRS para desarrollar habilidades de pensamiento crítico y de orden superior a través del aprendizaje en línea basado en el trabajo en equipo y la colaboración. Además, se demostró la adaptabilidad del modelo a través de varios diseños y modalidades, incluyendo la rotación de estaciones virtuales, y mostrando su potencial para abordar diversas necesidades de aprendizaje. DISCUSIÓN. El MRS muestra un fuerte potencial para mejorar los resultados del aprendizaje, las habilidades transferibles y la satisfacción de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, su puesta en práctica, la secuencia de las actividades y los efectos en las distintas asignaturas requieren más estudios. Los educadores podrían explorar diferentes diseños de MRS para maximizar sus beneficios en entornos de aprendizaje mixto, destacando la necesidad de una investigación continua. Este estudio aporta ideas para la investigación y la educación futuras adoptando metodologías mixtas en la educación básica.
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