Abstract
The incorporation of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) projects and robotics into the classroom is endorsed by numerous studies. Most of them demonstrate the positive effects in relation with creativity and resolving problems capability, being these abilities necessaries for students to face 21st century challenges. This study tries to bring up empiric evidences about the increase in creativity, through the analysis of the results from an educative workshop developed by 5 and 6th Primary Education. The workshop was divided in two phases: the first one was focused on incorporating STEAM projects and robotics in the classroom as educative tools. These projects were incorporated in a transversal manner from a constructivist perspective and based on the scientific method. The impact on creativity was analysed through CREA test (using a pre-test and post-test). The second phase consisted in a contest where students presented their STEAM and robots projects. These products were assess by an expert committee using the creativity criteria defined in CREA test (newness, courage, truth and utility). Results show a significant increase on creativity measured through CREA test, and high scores on STEAM and robotics productions assessment, highlighting the opportunity to introduce these tools in primary school classrooms, to develop students’ creativity.
References
Acuña Zúñiga, A. L. (2012). Diseño y administración de proyectos de robótica educativa: lecciones aprendidas. Teoría de la Educación. Educación y Cultura en la Sociedad de la Información, 13(3), 6-27. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2OUUDBU
Alimisis, D. (2013) Educational robotics: open questions and new challenges. Themes in science & technology education, 6(1), 63-71. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2rtKPXq
Arabit-García J. & Prendes-Espinosa, Mª. P. (2020). Metodologías y Tecnologías para enseñar STEM en Educación Primaria: análisis de necesidades. Pixel-Bit. Revista de Medios y Educación, 57.
https://doi.org/10.12795/pixelbit.2020.i57.04
Aris, N. & Orcos, L. (2019). Educational Robotics in the Stage of Secondary Education: Empirical Study on Motivation and STEM Skills. Education Sciences, 9(73), 1-15. DOI: https://bit.ly/37HK6SS
Barak, M. & Assal, M. (2018). Robotics and STEM learning: students’ achievements in assignments according to the P3 Task Taxonomy—practice, problem solving, and projects. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 28(1), 121-144.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10798-016-9385-9
Barak, M. & Zadok, Y. (2009). Robotics projects and learning concepts in science, technology, and problem solving. International Journal of Technology & Design Education, 19(3), 289-307.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-007-9043-3
Barker, B. & Ansorge, J. (2007). Robotics as Means to Increase Achievement Scores in an Informal Learning Environment. Journal of research on technology in education, 39(3), 229–243.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2007.10782481
Benitti, V. (2012). Exploring the educational potential of robotics in schools: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 58(3), 978-988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.10.006
Cavas, B., Kesercioglu, T., Holbrook, J., Rannikmae, M., Ozdogru, E. & Gokler, F. (2012). The effects of robotics club on the students’ performance on science process & scientific creativity skills and perceptions on robots, human and society. 3rd International Workshop teaching robotics, teaching with robotics integrating robotics in school curriculum (pp. 40-50). Riva del Garda, Italy. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2OmGXQO
Chang, C., Lee, J., Chao, P., Wang, C. & Chen, G. (2010). Exploring the possibility of using humanoid robots as instructional tools for teaching a second language in primary school. Educational Technology & Society, 13(2), 13–24. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2QV8smh
Corbalán, J., Martínez, F., Donolo, D., Alonso, C., Tejerina, M., & Limiñana, M. R. (2003). CREA. Creative intelligence, a cognitive measure of creativity. Madrid: TEA Editions.
Domingo, M. & Marqués, P. (2013). Práctica docente en aulas 2.0 de centros de educación primaria y secundaria de España. Píxel-Bit. Revista medios y educación, 42(1), 115-128.
Recuperado de https://bit.ly/33khVpO
García, J. M. (2015). Robótica educativa. La programación como parte de un proceso educativo. RED-Revista de Educación a Distancia, 46(8), 1-11.
Glăveanu, V. (2010). Paradigms in the study of creativity: introducing the perspective of cultural psychology. New ideas in psychology, 28(1), 79-93. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.newideapsych.2009.07.007
Hine, C. (2005). Virtual Methods. Issues in social research on the Internet. New York: Berg Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1108/00242530710831338
Jonassen, D. (2008). Instructional design as design problem solving: An iterative process. Educational technology: The magazine for managers of change in education, 48(3), 21-26.
Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2XTjWbC
Karim, M., Lemaignan, S., & Mondada, F. (2015). A Review: Can Robots Reshape K-12 STEM Education? In Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO). IEEE International Workshop on, (1–8). https://doi.org/10.1109/ARSO.2015.7428217
Kazakoff, E., Sullivan, A., & Bers, M. (2013). The effect of a classroom-based intensive robotics and programming workshop on sequencing ability in early childhood. Early Childhood Education Journal, 41(4), 245-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-012-0554-5
Kim, H., & Chae, D. (2016). The development and application of a STEAM program based on traditional Korean culture. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 12(7), 1925-1936. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2016.1539a
Mikropoulos, T. & Bellou, I. (2013). Educational Robotics as Mindtools. Themes in Science & Technology Education, 6(1), 5-14. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2Y1gWtP
Mitnik, R., Nussbaum, M. & Soto, A. (2008). An autonomous educational mobile robot mediator. Department of computer science. Autonomous Robots, 25(4), 367-382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10514-008-9101-z
Mubin, O., Bartneck, C., Feijs, L., Hooft van Huysduynen, H., Hu, J. & Muelver, J. (2012). Improving speech recognition with the robot interaction language. Disruptive science and Technology, 1(2), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1089/dst.2012.0010
Owens, G., Granader, Y., Humphrey, A., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2008). LEGO ® Therapy and the social use of language programme: an evaluation of two social skills interventions for children with high functioning autism and asperger sindrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorder, 38, 1944–1957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0590-6
Papert, S. (1980). Mindstorms: Children, computers, and powerful ideas. New York: Basic Books. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2OOKeHH
Puig, N. & Bargalló, C. (2017). Aprendizaje de las ciencias basado en proyectos: del contexto a la acción. Ápice. Revista de Educación Científica, 18(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.17979/arec.2017.1.1.2020
Piaget, J. (1978). La equilibración de las estructuras cognitivas. Problema central de desarrollo. Madrid: Siglo XXI.
Rebetez, C. & Betrancourt, M. (2007). Video game research in cognitive and educational sciences. Cognitive Creier Comportament, 11(1), 131-142
Reinking, A. & Martin, B. (2018). The gender gap in STEM fields: Theories, movements, and ideas to engage girls in STEM. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 7(2), 148-153.
https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2018.7.271
Suárez, A., García, D., Martínez, P. & Martos, J. (2018). Contribución de la robótica educativa en la adquisición de conocimientos de matemáticas en la Educación Primaria. Magister, 30(1,2), 43-54. https://doi.org/10.17811/msg.30.1.2018.43-54
Sullivan, F. (2008). Robotics and science literacy: thinking skills, Ssience. Process skills and systems understanding. Journal of research in science teaching, 45(3), 373-394.
https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20238
Toh, L. P. E., Causo, A., Tzuo, P. W., Chen, I. M. & Yeo, S. H. (2016). A Review on the Use of Robots in Education and Young Children. Educational Technology & Society, 19(2), 148–163. Recuperado de https://bit.ly/2Dm0vi3
Varney, M. W., Janoudi, A., Aslam, D. M. y Graham, D. (2012). Building young engineers: TASEM for third graders in woodcreek magnet elementary school. IEEE Transactions on education, 55(1), 78-82. https://doi.org/10.1109/TE.2011.2131143
Waisburd, G. (2004). El poder de tu creatividad. México: American Book Store.
Williams, D., Ma, Y., Prejean, L. & Ford, M.J. (2007). Acquisition of Physics Content Knowledge and Scientific Inquiry Skills in a Robotics Summer Camp. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 40(2), 201-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2007.10782505
Yakman, G. & Lee, L. (2012). Exploring the Exemplary STEAM Education in the U.S. as a Practical Educational Framework for Korea. Journal of the Korean Association for Research in Science Education, 32(6), 1072-1086. https://doi.org/10.14697/jkase.2012.32.6.1072
Zawieska, K., & Duffy, B. (2015). The social construction of creativity in educational robotics. In R. Szewczyk et al. (Eds.), Progress in Automation, Robotics and Measuring Techniques. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 351. Springer, 329-338.