Participación parental en intervenciones familiares para prevenir drogodependencias: una revisión empírica

Jorge Negreiros

doi:10.7179/PSRI_2013.21.03

Autores

Jorge Negreiros Universidade de Oporto

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2013.21.03

Palavras-chave:

Prevençãodo abusode substâncias, intervenção familiar, preditores, participação dos pais

Resumo

O uso e abuso de substâncias são um fenómeno comum durante a adolescência. Os pais desempenhamumpapel crucial no uso de substâncias, quer induzindo riscos quer promovendo proteção e resiliência. Embora as intervenções familiares tenhamsido consideradas como uma abordagemapropriada para prevenir o abuso de substâncias e outros comportamentos problema na adolescência, as baixas taxas de participação dos pais representamuma ameaça à validade destas intervenções.Comefeito, umdosmais sérios problemas associados à implementação de intervenções preventivas baseadas na família relaciona-se como recrutamento, retenção e participação dos pais. Por outro lado, o reforço da participação dos pais nas intervenções preventivas está associado a claros benefícios no comportamento do adolescente.Destemodo, a identificaçãode determinantes específicos do envolvimento dos pais nos programas de prevenção, revístese de uma grande importância já que o nível de participação dos pais pode constituir umpreditor da eficácia do programa. Recentemente, tem-se procurado analisar fatores individuais, contextuais e relacionados com a própria intervenção na sua relação comos níveis de participação dos pais emprogramas de prevenção do abuso de substâncias. A investigação sobre os preditores da participação revela-se útil na medida em que permite identificar os indivíduos que estão emmaior risco de abandonar o programa.Neste artigo, apresentase uma perspetiva dosmais recentes desenvolvimentos dos diversos preditores da participação dos pais em programas familiares de prevenção do abuso de substâncias.Combase na revisão empírica efetuada, sugerese umquadro teórico da participação que inclui quatro componentes básicos: (1) padrões de interação familiar; (2) cognições e atribuições dos pais acerca do comportamento da criança; (3) variáveis psicológicas relacionadas comos pais e; (4) perceção dos pais acerca da intervenção preventiva.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007039421026

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