Una revisión sistemática de la participación en los programas de prevención familiar

Autores/as

  • Jorge Negreiros Universidade do Porto
  • Lluís Ballester Universidad de las Islas Baleares
  • María Valero de Vicente Universidad de las Islas Baleares https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-7028
  • Renata Carmo Universidade do Porto
  • Joana da Gama Universidade do Porto

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2019.34.05

Palabras clave:

Participación, retención, implicación parental, prevención, programas familiares.

Resumen

Una de las principales razones del fracaso de las intervenciones familiares está relacionada con baja participación y retención de las familias. Las dificultades para promover participación y retención adecuadas es uno de los obstáculos más importantes en la implementación y diseminación de las intervenciones familiares basadas en la evidencia. Aunque en la literatura se describe una amplia gama de estrategias para involucrar a los padres, se sabe poco sobre qué estrategias son más efectivas para mejorar la participación. Por ello, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática de factores predictivos de la participación de los padres y las estrategias de mejora en los programas parentales de prevención. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: 1) estudios basados en evidencias con componente de intervención familiar, revisiones teóricas y empíricas de la literatura, y revisiones sistemáticas; 2) artículos publicados en Portugués, Inglés y Español; 3) publicados entre 2000 y 2018. Se encontraron 39 artículos que informaron sobre una variedad de factores predictivos de la participación familiar y métodos efectivos para involucrar a las familias en actividades preventivas. Surgieron cuatro dimensiones básicas: 1) predictores de participación; 2) características asociadas al programa; 3) obstáculos para la participación; 4) estrategias para minimizar las barreras de participación. Se identificaron cuatro grupos distintos de predictores de participación: patrones de interacción familiar; cogniciones y atribuciones de los padres sobre los problemas de conducta del niño; variables psicológicas relacionadas con los padres; percepción parental de la intervención. Varios atributos intrínsecos y extrínsecos de la intervención se asociaron con la participación en programas familiares. Algunos obstáculos para la participación incluían problemas o circunstancias logísticas del entorno social de la familia. Las estrategias para minimizar las barreras incluyeron el uso de diferentes incentivos extrínsecos, el rol del capacitador y el ajuste de las expectativas y motivaciones de los padres durante la intervención.

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Citas

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Publicado

2019-07-01