Efeitos de programas baseados em artes marciais sobre traços autistas em crianças e adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.100237Palavras-chave:
Autismo, Trastorno del espectro autista, Artes Marciales, Deportes de combateResumo
Introdução: A prevalência do autismo aumentou significativamente. Além disso, foi demonstrado que as artes marciais são uma intervenção eficaz no controle dos sintomas de crianças e adolescentes com TEA. Entretanto, não há revisões focadas em sintetizar essas evidências. Objetivo: Sintetizar as informações existentes sobre as características dos programas de artes marciais e seus efeitos nos traços autistas em crianças e adolescentes. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática atribuída à declaração Prisma 2020. A busca de informações foi realizada nas bases de dados Scielo, PubMed, Pedro, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Springer Link, Web of Science e ScienceDirect. Foram selecionados ensaios clínicos randomizados e não randomizados. Resultados: As artes marciais como intervenção terapêutica tiveram efeitos benéficos estatisticamente significativos em comportamentos estereotipados 100% (5 de 5 estudos), interação social 100% (3 de 3 estudos), gestão de emoções 100% (3 de 3 estudos), regulação do comportamento 75% (3 de 4 estudos), problemas comportamentais 75% (3 de 4 estudos) e dificuldade de comunicação 75% (3 de 4 estudos). A arte marcial mais utilizada como programa de intervenção foi o caratê. Conclusão: As áreas mais avaliadas nos traços autistas são comportamentos estereotipados, problemas comportamentais, interação social e dificuldades de comunicação. Finalmente, observou-se que os programas de artes marciais tiveram efeitos favoráveis sobre os traços autistas nas áreas de habilidades comportamentais, habilidades sociais e habilidades de comunicação.
Palavras-chave: Autismo; Artes marciais; Esportes de combate; Karatê.
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