Determinantes de la masa ósea en tenistas jóvenes chilenos (Determinants of bone mass in young Chilean tennis players)

Autores/as

  • Pablo Felipe Luna-Villouta Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2825-0303
  • Marcelo Paredes-Arias Escuela de Salud, Técnico Superior en Preparación Física, Instituto Profesional Duoc UC, Puente Alto, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0569-2961
  • Jaime Vásquez-Gómez Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0597-793X
  • Carlos Matus-Castillo Departamento de Ciencias del Deporte y Acondicionamiento Físico. Facultad de Educación. Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8019-6442
  • Carol Flores-Rivera Facultad de Educación y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8888-6819
  • Rafael Zapata-Lamana Escuela de Educación, Universidad de Concepción, Los Ángeles, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4729-1680
  • Rodrigo Vargas Vitoria Facultad de Educación, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7554-9589

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.93943

Palabras clave:

desarrollo óseo, fuerza muscular, masa músculo esquelético, adolescentes, tenis

Resumen

El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre la fuerza muscular y composición corporal con la masa ósea en tenistas jóvenes chilenos. El estudio fue observacional, transversal, con características descriptivas y analíticas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 51 tenistas jóvenes chilenos de sexo masculino (15.5±0.7 años) que fueron seleccionados de forma no probabilística y por conveniencia. Se midieron variables antropométricas de peso, estatura, estatura sentada, pliegues cutáneos (tríceps, muslo anterior y pierna medial), perímetros (brazo, muslo y pierna), diámetro del fémur y longitud del antebrazo, junto con la fuerza de prensión manual (FPM), lanzamiento de balón medicinal (LBM) y salto con contramovimiento (CMJ). Se calculó el pico de aceleración de la velocidad de crecimiento (APVC), la masa músculo esquelética (MME), el porcentaje de grasa (GC), la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y contenido mineral óseo (CMO). Los resultados muestran que, en las variables de composición corporal, la MME se asocia mejor a la DMO (R2= 25% p˂0.01) y CMO (R2= 20%; p˂0.01). En las pruebas de fuerza muscular, el CMJ presenta la mejor relación con los indicadores de masa ósea, DMO (R2= 14%; p˂0.01) y CMO (R2= 19%; p˂0.01). Se concluye que la MME es el indicador que muestra mejor relación con la DMO y CMO en los tenistas evaluados, por su parte el CMJ, es la prueba de fuerza muscular que mejor relación muestra con estos indicadores de masa ósea.

Palabras clave: desarrollo óseo; fuerza muscular; masa músculo esquelético; adolescentes; tenis.

Abstract. The study aimed to analyze the relationship between muscle strength and body composition with bone mass in young Chilean tennis players. The study was observational, cross-sectional, with descriptive and analytical characteristics. The sample consisted of 51 young Chilean male tennis players (15.5±0.7 years old) who were selected non-probabilistically and for convenience. Anthropometric variables of weight, height, sitting height, skinfolds (triceps, anterior thigh, and medial leg), perimeters (arm, thigh, and leg), femur diameter, and forearm length were measured, along with hand grip strength (FPM), medicine ball throw (LBM), and countermovement jump (CMJ). Peak acceleration of growth velocity (APVC), skeletal muscle mass (MME), percentage of fat (GC), bone mineral density (DMO) and bone mineral content (CMO) were calculated. The results show that, in the body composition variables, MME is better associated with DMO (R2= 25% p˂0.01) and CMO (R2= 20%; p˂0.01). In the muscle strength tests, the CMJ presents the best relationship with the indicators of bone mass, DMO (R2= 14%; p˂0.01) and CMO (R2= 19%; p˂0.01). It is concluded that the MME is the indicator that shows the best relationship with DMO and CMO in the evaluated tennis players, while the CMJ is the muscle strength test that shows the best relationship with these indicators of bone mass.

Key words: bone development; muscle strength; skeletal muscle mass; young boys; tennis.

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2022-09-28

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Luna-Villouta, P. F., Paredes-Arias, M., Vásquez-Gómez, J., Matus-Castillo, C., Flores-Rivera, C., Zapata-Lamana, R., & Vargas Vitoria, R. (2022). Determinantes de la masa ósea en tenistas jóvenes chilenos (Determinants of bone mass in young Chilean tennis players). Retos, 46, 1084–1092. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.93943

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