Opiniones de los participantes en una intervención para el fomento de la actividad física en el contexto escolar: Estudio Fit-Person (Participants’ opinions in an intervention to promote physical activity in the school context: Fit-Person Study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.106263Palabras clave:
niños, salud, colegio, Educación Primaria, Educación Física, pulseras de fitness, gamificaciónResumen
A pesar de la evidencia sobre los beneficios para la salud de la práctica de actividad física en la infancia, muchos escolares siguen sin cumplir las recomendaciones establecidas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Esta realidad enfatiza la necesidad de evaluar los programas de intervención y buscar estrategias más eficaces. Sin embargo, la participación de los destinatarios en la evaluación y mejora del diseño de los programas de intervención es poco frecuente. Siguiendo una metodología cualitativa, en el presente estudio se entrevistaron a 30 escolares de Educación Primaria de Granada (España) para conocer la percepción sobre su experiencia en un programa innovador de fomento de la actividad física en el que se combinaron unidades didácticas intermitentes en Educación Física, pulseras de actividad física y estrategias de modificación de conducta. Tras un proceso de codificación, las respuestas se agruparon en tres categorías principales: (1) características de los cambios percibidos por los participantes, (2) elementos del programa que los participantes consideraban que habían influido en dichos cambios y (3) propuestas de mejora del programa. Entre las orientaciones que pueden ser útiles para el diseño de programas de fomento de la práctica de actividad física en la edad escolar en el futuro destacan el otorgar protagonismo a la actividad física de carácter recreativo y en grupo, individualizar las intervenciones para atender a la diversidad, tener en cuenta la interdependencia de la actividad física de los escolares con su entorno familiar e involucrar a los escolares a través de metodologías participativas como el aprendizaje entre iguales.
Palabras clave: niños, salud, colegio, Educación Primaria, Educación Física, pulseras de fitness, gamificación.
Abstract. Despite the evidence on the health benefits of practicing physical activity in childhood, many schoolchildren still do not comply with the recommendations established by the World Health Organization. This reality emphasizes the need to evaluate intervention programs and search for more effective strategies. However, the participation of the beneficiaries in the evaluation and improvement of the design of intervention programs is rare. Following a qualitative methodology, in the present study 30 primary school students from Granada (Spain) were interviewed to know their perception of their experience in an innovative program to promote physical activity in which intermittent teaching units in Physical Education, activity monitors and behavior modification strategies were combined. After a coding process, the responses were grouped into three main categories: (1) characteristics of the changes perceived by the participants, (2) elements of the program that the participants considered had influenced these changes, and (3) proposals for program improvement. Among the guidelines that may be useful for the design of programs to promote the practice of physical activity at school age in the future are giving prominence to recreational and group physical activity, individualizing interventions to address diversity, consider the interdependence of schoolchildren's physical activity with their family environment and involve schoolchildren through participatory methodologies such as peer learning.
Keywords: children, health, school, Primary Education, Physical Education, fitness tracker, gamification.
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