Incidence of the biological knowledge of homosexuality and transsexuality on homophobia and transphobia in physical education students in Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.90463Keywords:
homosexuality, transsexuality, biology, physical education, studentsAbstract
Introduction: Various studies relate variables such as age, sex, socioeconomic level, religion, etc. with levels of homophobia and transphobia. The aim of this research is to determine the incidence of some sociodemographic variables and biological knowledge about homosexuality and transsexuality on the levels of homophobia and transphobia in physical education students in Chile. Method: a sociodemographic survey was applied, the scale of homophobia EHF-10, the scale of negative attitudes towards trans people and the questionnaire of biological knowledge of homosexuality and transsexuality to 463 students of Pedagogy in Physical Education from six universities in Chile. Results: The levels of homophobia and transphobia are low in the sample, being the coexistence with friends/ or known/ homosexual, bisexual and trans, and the religious beliefs the factors that most affect those negative attitudes. A negative and low relationship was observed between biological knowledge of homosexuality and transsexuality and levels of homophobia and transphobia. Conclusion: The sample has low levels of homophobia and transphobia. There are also low biological knowledge values of homosexuality and transsexuality, with a low and negative relationship between such knowledge and negative attitudes towards homosexuals and transgender people.
References
Acker, G. (2017). Transphobia among students majoring in the helping professions. Journal of Homosexuality, 64(14), 2011-2029. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2017.1293404
Álvarez-Conde, T., y Rodríguez-Castro, Y. (2017). Evaluación de los conocimientos y actitudes hacia la sexualidad de futuros/as docentes de educación primaria. Revista de Estudios e Investigación en Psicología y Educación, 6, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.17979/reipe.2017.0.06.2332
American Psychological Association (2011). Definition of terms: Sex, Gender, Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation. Disponible en: http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/sexualitydefinitions.pdf
Barrientos, J., Espinoza-Tapia, R., Meza, P., Saiz, J., Cárdenas, M., Guzmán-González, M., Gómez, F., Bahamondes, J. & Lovera, L. (2019). Efectos del prejuicio sexual en la salud mental de personas transgénero chilenas desde el modelo de estrés de las minorías: una aproximación cualitativa. Terapia Psicológica, 37(3), 181-197.
Campo, A., Herazo, E. & Oviedo, H. (2013). Sustantivos para definir homofobia. Revista Ciencias de la Salud, 11(3), 297-294.
Colonnello, E., Toccini, L., Ciocca, G., Limoncin, E., Moscato, G., Andreoni, M. & Jannini, E. (2020). Attitudes and knowledge towards homosexuality: an observational study on a sample of medical students. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(6), S123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.04.019
Fernández, A. (2009). Bases biológicas de la preferencia sexual. Ciencia, 60(2), 23-36.
García-Acosta, J., Castro-Peraza, M., Perestelo-Pérez, L., Rivero-Santana, A., Arias-Rodríguez, Á., Lorenzo-Rocha, N. (2020). Midiendo las actitudes negativas y la transfobia explícita en un servicio público de salud. Index de Enfermería, 29(4), e12765.
García-Barba, M., Serrano-Moragón, N., Camañes Martorell, J., Ruiz-Palomino, E., & Ballester-Arnal, R. (2018). Actitudes hacia la transexualidad en jóvenes. Ágora de Salut, 5, 11-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/AgoraSalut.2018.5.1
Georgius, Y., Patsantaras, N. & Kamberidou, I. (2018). Homophobia predictors - a case study in Greece: heterosexual physical education student attitudes towards male and female homosexuality. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18(S2), 1209-1216. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2018.s2180
González, E., Molina, T. & Luttges, D. (2015). Características de la educación sexual escolar recibida y su asociación con la edad de inicio sexual y uso de anticonceptivos en adolescentes chilenas sexualmente activas. Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología, 80(1), 24-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-75262015000100004
González, E. & Riquelme, R. (2018). Características de los Programas de Educación Sexual en Liceos de la provincia de Santiago, Chile. Cuadernos Médico Sociales, 58(2), 23-30.
Guevara, R. (2020). Los roles de género y las actitudes frente a la homosexualidad masculina en estudiantes universitarios heterosexuales del primer y séptimo semestre de la carrera de Pedagogía de la Actividad Física y Deportes, de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación, de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua. Seminario para optar al título de Psicólogo Educativo y Orientador Vocacional, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ecuador.
Hatibovic, F., Bobowik, M., Faúndez, X. & Sandoval, J. (2017). Xenofobia y homofobia como efectos de la orientación política, religión y sexo mediados por clasismo y patriocentrismo en jóvenes universitarios chilenos. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 26(1), 131-148. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v26n1.55687
Kwak, H., Kim, M. & Kim, M. (2019). Severity and influencing factors of homophobia in korean nursing students. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16(23), 4692. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234692
Maureira, F. (2021). Conocimientos biológicos de la homosexualidad y transexualidad en estudiantes de Educación Física de Chile. Retos, 42, 805-812. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.88708
Maureira, F. (2020). Amor, sexo y cerebro. Bubok Publishing.
Maureira, F., Escobar, N., Flores, E., Bahamondes, V., Hadweh, M. & Serey, D. (2022). Actitudes hacia la homosexualidad y transexualidad en estudiantes de Educación Física de Chile. Retos, 43, 46-52. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.88969
Maureira, F. & Flores, E. (2018). Manual de investigación cuantitativa. Bubok Publishing.
McDermott, R., Schwartz, J., Lindley, L. & Proietti, J. (2014). Exploring men’s homophobia: Associations with religious fundamentalism and gender role conflict domains. Psychol Men Mascul, 15(2), 191-200. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032788
MINEDUC (2017). Educación en sexualidad, afectividad y género. Disponible en: https://convivenciaescolar.mineduc.cl/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Educaci%C3%B3n-en-Sexualidad-Afectividad-y-G%C3%A9nero.-Mineduc-2017.pdf
Moral, J. & Ortega, M. (2008). Diferencias de género en representación social de la sexualidad, así como en actitudes y conductas sexuales. Estudios sobre las Culturas Contemporáneas, 14(28), 97-119.
Nieto-Gutiérrez, W., Komori-Pariona, J., Sánchez, A., Centeno-Leguía, D., Arestegui-Sánchez, L., De la Torre-Rojas, K., Niño-García, R., Mendoza-Aucaruri, L., Mejia, C. & Quiñones-Laveriano, D. (2019). Factores asociados a la homofobia en estudiantes de medicina de once universidades peruanas. Rev Colomb Psiquiat, 48(4), 208-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2018.01.003
Oltra, J., Huluta, E., Rodríguez-Fernández, A. & García-Cueto, E. (2017). Desarrollo de un test de homofobia. Revista Electrónica de Metodología Aplicada, 22(2),16-29.
O’Brien, K., Shovelton, H. & Latner, J. (2013). Homophobia in physical education and sport: The role of physical/sporting identity and attributes, authoritarian aggression, and social dominance orientation. International Journal of Psychology, 48(5), 891-899. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2012.713107
Páez, J., Hevia, G., Pesci, F. & Rabbia, H. (2015). Construcción y validación de una escala de actitudes negativas hacia personas trans. Revista de Psicología (PUCP), 33(1), 153-190.
Piskur, J. & Degelman, D. (1992). Effect of reading a summary of research about biological basis of homosexual orientation on attitudes toward homosexuals. Psychological Reports, 71, 1219-1225. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.71.3f.1219
Silva, P., Jaeger, A. & Valdivia, P. (2018). Percepción de los estudiantes sobre comportamientos homofóbicos y heterosexistas en educación física. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 27(2), 39-46.
World Medical Asociation. (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. JAMA, 310(20), 2191-2194. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.281053
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Fernando Maureira, Natalia Escobar, Elizabeth Flores, Marcelo Hadweh Briceño, Patricia González, Franklin Castillo, Sebastián Peña, Jacqueline Páez
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
