Hip and thigh muscular activity in professional soccer players during an isometric squat with and without controlled hip contraction (Actividad muscular de cadera y muslo en jugadores de fútbol profesionales durante una sentadilla isométrica con y sin co

Authors

  • Gabriel Rojas-Quinchavil Integramédica, BUPA. Santiago, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-8137
  • Pablo Venegas-Jeldrez Hospital Clínico Mutual de Seguridad, Santiago, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5978-8443
  • Oscar Valencia Integrative Laboratory of Biomechanics and Physiology of Physical Effort, Kinesiology School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-4169
  • Rodrigo Guzmán-Venegas Integrative Laboratory of Biomechanics and Physiology of Physical Effort, Kinesiology School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0567-4867
  • Oscar Florencio Araneda Integrative Laboratory of Biomechanics and Physiology of Physical Effort, Kinesiology School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9501-3159
  • Francisco José Berral de la Rosa Department of Sport and informatics. Biomechanics, Kinesiology and Kinanthropometry Laboratory, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3552-8262
  • Andres Felipe Flores-Leon Universidad de los Andes http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2876-2758

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.82024

Keywords:

Isometric exercise, squat, hip, knee, electromyography, soccer player, (ejercicio isométrico; sentadilla; cadera; rodilla; electromiografía; futbolista)

Abstract

 

The purpose of the present investigation was twofold 1) To compare the hip and thigh muscular activity of professional soccer players when performing the isometric squat with and without controlled hip contraction; 2) To determine the muscular relationships that take place during these methods of execution of the exercise. Methods: 11 healthy male professional soccer players, randomly performed three modalities of isometric squat at a 60° knee flexion: conventional squat (SQ), squat with hip abduction contraction (SQ-ABD) and squat with hip adduction contraction (SQ-ADD), controlled at 70% of 1 maximum repetition. The activity of the gluteus medius (GM), tensor fasciae latae (TFL), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris (BF) was obtained through surface electromyography. Hip (GM/TFL), quadriceps (VM/VL) hamstrings (ST/BF), and hamstrings/quadriceps (H/Q) ratios were analyzed. Results: GM increases in SQ-ABD and SQ-ADD compared to SQ (p<.01). The TFL, VL, SM and BF muscles have significantly higher activity in SQ-ADD compared to SQ (p<.05). The VL, VM and BF muscles significantly increase their activity in SQ-ADD compared to SQ-ABD (p <0.05). GM/TFL, VM/VL and ST/BF do not show significant differences between the three isometric squat methods. The H/Q ratio was higher in SQ-ABD and SQ-ADD compared to SQ (p<.01). Conclusion: The squat with hip adduction contraction in a controlled manner increases the muscular activity of the hip and thigh. Performing this combined maneuver can have benefits in sports training and rehabilitation because it increases the H/Q ratio of soccer players. 

Resumen. El propósito de la presente investigación fue doble: 1) Comparar la actividad muscular de la cadera y el muslo de los futbolistas profesionales cuando realizan sentadillas isométricas con y sin contracción controlada de la cadera; 2) Determinar las relaciones musculares que tienen lugar durante estas modalidades de ejecución del ejercicio. Metodología: 11 jugadores de fútbol profesionales sanos, realizaron al azar tres modalidades de sentadilla isométrica con una flexión de rodilla de 60 °: sentadilla convencional (SQ), sentadilla con contracción de abducción de cadera (SQ-ABD) y sentadilla con contracción de aducción de cadera (SQ-ADD), controladas al 70% de 1 repetición máxima. La actividad del glúteo medio (GM), el tensor de la fascia lata (TFL), el vasto medial (VM), el vasto lateral (VL), el semitendinoso (ST) y el bíceps femoral (BF) se obtuvo mediante electromiografía de superficie. Se analizaron las relaciones de los músculos de la cadera (GM/TFL), cuádriceps (VM / VL), isquiotibiales (ST/BF) e isquiotibiales/cuádriceps (H/Q). Resultados: GM aumenta en SQ-ABD y SQ-ADD en comparación con SQ (p<.01). Los músculos TFL, VL, SM y BF tienen una actividad significativamente mayor en SQ-ADD en comparación con SQ (p<.05). Los músculos VL, VM y BF aumentan significativamente su actividad en SQ-ADD en comparación con SQ-ABD (p <.05). GM/TFL, VM/VL y ST/BF no muestran diferencias significativas entre los tres métodos de sentadilla isométrica. La relación H/Q fue mayor en SQ-ABD y SQ-ADD en comparación con SQ (p<.01). Conclusión: La sentadilla con contracción de aducción de cadera de manera controlada aumenta la actividad muscular de la cadera y el muslo. La realización de esta maniobra combinada puede tener beneficios en el entrenamiento deportivo y la rehabilitación porque aumenta la relación H / Q de los jugadores de fútbol.

References

Ali Khan, M. M., Siddiqui, A. A., Yaqoob, U., Yaqub, M. D., Khan, O. J., & Ul-Haq, F. (2018). Post-football Gonathrosis: Injuries and Surgeries are A Risk. Cureus, 10(7), e2953. doi:10.7759/cureus.2953

Ardern, C. L., Pizzari, T., Wollin, M. R., & Webster, K. E. (2015). Hamstrings strength imbalance in professional football (soccer) players in Australia. J Strength Cond Res, 29(4), 997-1002. doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000747

Babadi, N., Roostayi, M. M., Rahimi, A., Baghban, A. A., Sarmadi, A., & Roostaei, H. (2018). The effect of different hip rotation angles on electromyography activity of the quadriceps muscle during closed kinetic chain tasks in healthy females. J Phys Ther Sci, 30(8), 1112-1116. doi:10.1589/jpts.30.1112

Baffa, A. P., Felicio, L. R., Saad, M. C., Nogueira-Barbosa, M. H., Santos, A. C., & Bevilaqua-Grossi, D. (2012). Quantitative MRI of vastus medialis, vastus lateralis and gluteus medius muscle workload after squat exercise: comparison between squatting with hip adduction and hip abduction. J Hum Kinet, 33, 5-14. doi:10.2478/v10078-012-0039-z

Baratta, R., Solomonow, M., Zhou, B. H., Letson, D., Chuinard, R., & D'Ambrosia, R. (1988). Muscular coactivation. The role of the antagonist musculature in maintaining knee stability. Am J Sports Med, 16(2), 113-122. doi:10.1177/036354658801600205

Barra, C. M. S. M., Cabezas, G. R., & Gajardo, J. T. (2020). Propuesta de modelo predictivo de lesión en base a descriptores anatómicos y biofuncionales que se relacionan con la inestabilidad articular en rodilla y tobillo en jugadores de baloncesto no profesionales. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación

física, deporte y recreación(39), 257-263.

Barton, C. J., Kennedy, A., Twycross-Lewis, R., Woledge, R., Malliaras, P., & Morrissey, D. (2014). Gluteal muscle activation during the isometric phase of squatting exercises with and without a Swiss ball. Phys Ther Sport, 15(1), 39-46. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.02.006

Bazyler, C. D., Beckham, G. K., & Sato, K. (2015). The use of the isometric squat as a measure of strength and explosiveness. J Strength Cond Res, 29(5), 1386-1392. doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000751

Beers, A., Ryan, M., Kasubuchi, Z., Fraser, S., & Taunton, J. E. (2008). Effects of Multi-modal Physiotherapy, Including Hip Abductor Strengthening, in Patients with Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome. In Physiother Can (Vol. 60, pp. 180-188).

Bevilaqua-Grossi, D., Monteiro-Pedro, V., de Vasconcelos, R. A., Arakaki, J. C., & Bérzin, F. (2006). The effect of hip abduction on the EMG activity of vastus medialis obliquus, vastus lateralis longus and vastus lateralis obliquus in healthy subjects. In J Neuroengineering Rehabil (Vol. 3, pp. 13).

Bianchi, F. P., Veneziani, V., Cantalice, M. A., Notarnicola, A., & Tafuri, S. (2018). Epidemiology of injuries among Italian footballers: the role of the playing field. Inj Prev. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042968

Borg, G. (1990). Psychophysical scaling with applications in physical work and the perception of exertion. Scand J Work Environ Health, 16 Suppl 1, 55-58.

Brady, C. J., Harrison, A. J., Flanagan, E. P., Haff, G. G., & Comyns, T. M. (2018). A Comparison of the Isometric Midthigh Pull and Isometric Squat: Intraday Reliability, Usefulness, and the Magnitude of Difference Between Tests. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 13(7), 844-852. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2017-0480

Burgess, K. E., Connick, M. J., Graham-Smith, P., & Pearson, S. J. (2007). Plyometric vs. isometric training influences on tendon properties and muscle output. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 21(3), 986.

Cheatham, S. W., Stull, K. R., Fantigrassi, M., & Montel, I. (2018). Hip Musculoskeletal Conditions and Associated Factors That Influence Squat Performance: A Systematic Review. J Sport Rehabil, 27(3), 263-273. doi:10.1123/jsr.2016-0246

Chen, S., Chang, W. D., Wu, J. Y., & Fong, Y. C. (2018). Electromyographic analysis of hip and knee muscles during specific exercise movements in females with patellofemoral pain syndrome: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore), 97(28), e11424. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000011424

Cheung, R. T., Smith, A. W., & Wong del, P. (2012). H:q ratios and bilateral leg strength in college field and court sports players. J Hum Kinet, 33, 63-71. doi:10.2478/v10078-012-0045-1

Cichanowski, H. R., Schmitt, J. S., Johnson, R. J., & Niemuth, P. E. (2007). Hip strength in collegiate female athletes with patellofemoral pain. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 39(8), 1227-1232. doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3180601109

Contreras, B., Vigotsky, A. D., Schoenfeld, B. J., Beardsley, C., & Cronin, J. (2016). A Comparison of Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, and Vastus Lateralis Electromyography Amplitude in the Parallel, Full, and Front Squat Variations in Resistance-Trained Females. J Appl Biomech, 32(1), 16-22. doi:10.1123/jab.2015-0113

Coqueiro, K. R., Bevilaqua-Grossi, D., Berzin, F., Soares, A. B., Candolo, C., & Monteiro-Pedro, V. (2005). Analysis on the activation of the VMO and VLL muscles during semisquat exercises with and without hip adduction in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 15(6), 596-603. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2005.03.001

De Ste Croix, M., ElNagar, Y. O., Iga, J., Ayala, F., & James, D. (2017). The impact of joint angle and movement velocity on sex differences in the functional hamstring/quadriceps ratio. Knee, 24(4), 745-750. doi:10.1016/j.knee.2017.03.012

Dedinsky, R., Baker, L., Imbus, S., Bowman, M., & Murray, L. (2017). Exercises that facilitate optimal hamstring and quadriceps co-activation to help decrease acl injury risk in healthy females: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Sports Phys Ther, 12(1), 3-15.

Dierks, T. A., Manal, K. T., Hamill, J., & Davis, I. S. (2008). Proximal and distal influences on hip and knee kinematics in runners with patellofemoral pain during a prolonged run. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 38(8), 448-456. doi:10.2519/jospt.2008.2490

Dinc, E., Kilinc, B. E., Bulat, M., Erten, Y. T., & Bayraktar, B. (2017). Effects of special exercise programs on functional movement screen scores and injury prevention in preprofessional young football players. J Exerc Rehabil, 13(5), 535-540. doi:10.12965/jer.1735068.534

Dix, J., Marsh, S., Dingenen, B., & Malliaras, P. (2018). The relationship between hip muscle strength and dynamic knee valgus in asymptomatic females: A systematic review. Phys Ther Sport. doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.05.015

Dorgo, S., Edupuganti, P., Smith, D. R., & Ortiz, M. (2012). Comparison of lower body specific resistance training on the hamstring to quadriceps strength ratios in men and women. Res Q Exerc Sport, 83(2), 143-151. doi:10.1080/02701367.2012.10599844

Drake, D., Kennedy, R., & Wallace, E. (2018). Familiarization, validity and smallest detectable difference of the isometric squat test in evaluating maximal strength. J Sports Sci, 36(18), 2087-2095. doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1436857

Driban, J. B., Hootman, J. M., Sitler, M. R., Harris, K. P., & Cattano, N. M. (2017). Is Participation in Certain Sports Associated With Knee Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review. J Athl Train, 52(6), 497-506. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-50.2.08

Earl, J. E., Schmitz, R. J., & Arnold, B. L. (2001). Activation of the VMO and VL during dynamic mini-squat exercises with and without isometric hip adduction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 11(6), 381-386.

Eliassen, W., Saeterbakken, A. H., & van den Tillaar, R. (2018). Comparison of bilateral and unilateral squat exercises on barbell kinematics and muscle activation. Int J Sports Phys Ther, 13(5), 871-881.

Escamilla, R. F. (2001). Knee biomechanics of the dynamic squat exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33(1), 127-141.

Felicio, L. R., de Carvalho, C. A. M., Dias, C., & Vigário, P. D. S. (2019). Electromyographic activity of the quadriceps and gluteus medius muscles during/different straight leg raise and squat exercises in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 48, 17-23. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2019.05.017

Felicio, L. R., Dias, L. A., Silva, A. P., Oliveira, A. S., & Bevilaqua-Grossi, D. (2011). Muscular activity of patella and hip stabilizers of healthy subjects during squat exercises. Rev Bras Fisioter, 15(3), 206-211.

Fernandes, G. S., Parekh, S. M., Moses, J., Fuller, C., Scammell, B., Batt, M. E., . . . Doherty, M. (2018). Prevalence of knee pain, radiographic osteoarthritis and arthroplasty in retired professional footballers compared with men in the general population: a cross-sectional study. Br J Sports Med, 52(10), 678-683. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097503

Flaxman, T. E., Alkjaer, T., Simonsen, E. B., Krogsgaard, M. R., & Benoit, D. L. (2017). Predicting the Functional Roles of Knee Joint Muscles from Internal Joint Moments. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 49(3), 527-537. doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001125

Flores-León, A. F., Alonso, C., Guzmán-Venegas, R., Araneda, O. F., & Berral de la Rosa, F. J. (2018). Centro de presión y patrones de actividad muscular durante la ejecución de una sentadilla monopodal isométrica realizada sobre una superfcie esponjosa en mujeres jóvenes sanas. Revista andaluza de medicina del deporte, 11(4), 6.

Fredericson, M., Cookingham, C. L., Chaudhari, A. M., Dowdell, B. C., Oestreicher, N., & Sahrmann, S. A. (2000). Hip abductor weakness in distance runners with iliotibial band syndrome. Clin J Sport Med, 10(3), 169-175.

Fujisawa, H., Suzuki, H., Yamaguchi, E., Yoshiki, H., Wada, Y., & Watanabe, A. (2014). Hip muscle activity during isometric contraction of hip abduction. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26(2), 187-190.

González, J. R., Moreno-Arrones, L. J. S., Bretones, A. R., & de Villarreal Sáez, E. S. (2018). Efectos a corto plazo de un programa de entrenamiento de sobrecarga excéntrica sobre el rendimiento físico en jugadores de fútbol de élite U-16. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación(33), 106-111.

Grygorowicz, M., Michalowska, M., Walczak, T., Owen, A., Grabski, J. K., Pyda, A., . . . Kotwicki, T. (2017). Discussion about different cut-off values of conventional hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio used in hamstring injury prediction among professional male football players. PLoS One, 12(12), e0188974. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188974

Hae-rim, H., Jeong-ah, K., One-bin, L., Heon-seock, C., & Chung-hwi, Y. (2015). Effects of Different Types of Isometric Hip Contraction on Gluteus Medius and Tensor Fasciae Latae Activity During Squat Exercises. Physical Therapy Korea, 22(3), 71-80.

Hammami, M., Negra, Y., Billaut, F., Hermassi, S., Shephard, R. J., & Chelly, M. S. (2018). Effects of Lower-Limb Strength Training on Agility, Repeated Sprinting With Changes of Direction, Leg Peak Power, and Neuromuscular Adaptations of Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res, 32(1), 37-47. doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001813

Hermens, H. J., Freriks, B., Disselhorst-Klug, C., & Rau, G. (2000). Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol, 10(5), 361-374.

Hislop, A. C., Collins, N. J., Tucker, K., Deasy, M., & Semciw, A. I. (2019). Does adding hip exercises to quadriceps exercises result in superior outcomes in pain, function and quality of life for people with knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099683

Hodges, P. W., & Richardson, C. A. (1993). The influence of isometric hip adduction on quadriceps femoris activity. Scand J Rehabil Med, 25(2), 57-62.

Hyong, I. H. (2015). Effects of squats accompanied by hip joint adduction on the selective activity of the vastus medialis oblique. J Phys Ther Sci, 27(6), 1979-1981. doi:10.1589/jpts.27.1979

Ireland, M. L., Willson, J. D., Ballantyne, B. T., & Davis, I. M. (2003). Hip strength in females with and without patellofemoral pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 33(11), 671-676. doi:10.2519/jospt.2003.33.11.671

Jimenez-Reyes, P., Samozino, P., Garcia-Ramos, A., Cuadrado-Penafiel, V., Brughelli, M., & Morin, J. B. (2018). Relationship between vertical and horizontal force-velocity-power profiles in various sports and levels of practice. PeerJ, 6, e5937. doi:10.7717/peerj.5937

Kim, D., Unger, J., Lanovaz, J. L., & Oates, A. R. (2016). The Relationship of Anticipatory Gluteus Medius Activity to Pelvic and Knee Stability in the Transition to Single-Leg Stance. Pm r, 8(2), 138-144. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.06.005

Lee, J. W. Y., Mok, K. M., Chan, H. C. K., Yung, P. S. H., & Chan, K. M. (2018). Eccentric hamstring strength deficit and poor hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio are risk factors for hamstring strain injury in football: A prospective study of 146 professional players. J Sci Med Sport, 21(8), 789-793. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2017.11.017

Leventer, L., Eek, F., Hofstetter, S., & Lames, M. (2016). Injury Patterns among Elite Football Players: A Media-based Analysis over 6 Seasons with Emphasis on Playing Position. Int J Sports Med, 37(11), 898-908. doi:10.1055/s-0042-108201

Lim, H. Y., & Wong, S. H. (2018). Effects of isometric, eccentric, or heavy slow resistance exercises on pain and function in individuals with patellar tendinopathy: A systematic review. Physiotherapy Research International, 23(4), e1721.

Madueño, A. F., de Hoyo Lora, M., Boza, S. R., Cortés, J. M., & Corrales, F. d. B. S. (2014). Varo y valgo de rodilla en cambios de dirección como factor de riesgo de lesión. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación(26), 176-177.

Mathew, K., & Pillarisetty, L. S. (2020). Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Thigh Semitendinosus Muscle. In StatPearls [Internet]: StatPearls Publishing.

McBeth, J. M., Earl-Boehm, J. E., Cobb, S. C., & Huddleston, W. E. (2012). Hip muscle activity during 3 side-lying hip-strengthening exercises in distance runners. J Athl Train, 47(1), 15-23.

McCurdy, K., Walker, J., & Yuen, D. (2018). Gluteus Maximus and Hamstring Activation During Selected Weight-Bearing Resistance Exercises. J Strength Cond Res, 32(3), 594-601. doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001893

Miao, P., Xu, Y., Pan, C., Liu, H., & Wang, C. (2015). Vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis activity during a double-leg semisquat with or without hip adduction in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 16, 289. doi:10.1186/s12891-015-0736-6

Millán, C. G., del Coso Garrigós, J., Vicén, J. A., del Campo, R. L., del Pozo, D. G., & Martín, J. J. S. (2014). Cambios en la fuerza de miembros inferiores tras un mesociclo de pretemporada en futbolistas semiprofesionales. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación(26), 52-55.

Motomura, Y., Tateuchi, H., Nakao, S., Shimizu, I., Kato, T., Kondo, Y., & Ichihashi, N. (2019). Effect of different knee flexion angles with a constant hip and knee torque on the muscle forces and neuromuscular activities of hamstrings and gluteus maximus muscles. Eur J Appl Physiol, 119(2), 399-407. doi:10.1007/s00421-018-4032-7

Navacchia, A., Bates, N. A., Schilaty, N. D., Krych, A. J., & Hewett, T. E. (2019). Knee abduction and internal rotation moments increase ACL force during landing through the posterior slope of the tibia. Journal of Orthopaedic Research®, 37(8), 1730-1742.

Nishiwaki, G. A., Urabe, Y., & Tanaka, K. (2006). EMG Analysis of Lower Extremity Muscles in Three Different Squat Exercises. J Jpn Phys Ther Assoc, 9(1), 21-26. doi:10.1298/jjpta.9.21

Pangrazio, O., & Forriol, F. (2016a). Epidemiology of injuries sustained by players during the 16th Under-17 South American Soccer Championship. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol, 60(3), 192-199. doi:10.1016/j.recot.2015.12.002

Pangrazio, O., & Forriol, F. (2016b). Epidemiology of soccer players traumatic injuries during the 2015 America Cup. In Muscles Ligaments Tendons J (Vol. 6, pp. 124-130).

Park, H.-j., & Cho, S.-H. (2016). Effect of Hip Flexion and Internal Rotation on the Hip Abductor Muscle Activity During Side-Lying Hip Abduction in Subjects With Gluteus Medius Weakness. Physical Therapy Korea, 23(3), 57-67.

Powers, C. M. (2003). The influence of altered lower-extremity kinematics on patellofemoral joint dysfunction: a theoretical perspective. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 33(11), 639-646. doi:10.2519/jospt.2003.33.11.639

Raya-González, J., Piqueras, P. G., & Sánchez-Sánchez, J. (2018). Aplicación de un programa de fuerza con carga excéntrica en la readaptación de una lesión de ligamento lateral interno de la rodilla. Estudio de caso. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, 33, 157-161.

Rio, E., Purdam, C., Girdwood, M., & Cook, J. (2019). Isometric Exercise to Reduce Pain in Patellar Tendinopathy In-Season: Is It Effective “on the Road”? Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 29(3), 188-192.

Robinson, R. L., & Nee, R. J. (2007). Analysis of hip strength in females seeking physical therapy treatment for unilateral patellofemoral pain syndrome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 37(5), 232-238. doi:10.2519/jospt.2007.2439

Rowe, J., Shafer, L., Kelley, K., West, N., Dunning, T., Smith, R., & Mattson, D. J. (2007). Hip strength and knee pain in females. N Am J Sports Phys Ther, 2(3), 164-169.

Ruas, C. V., Brown, L. E., Lima, C. D., Costa, P. B., & Pinto, R. S. (2018). Effect of Three Different Muscle Action Training Protocols on Knee Strength Ratios and Performance. J Strength Cond Res, 32(8), 2154-2165. doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002134

Spahn, G., Grosser, V., Schiltenwolf, M., Schroter, F., & Grifka, J. (2015). Football as risk factor for a non-injury-related knee osteoarthritis - results from a systematic review and metaanalysis. Sportverletz Sportschaden, 29(1), 27-39. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1385731

Stastny, P., Lehnert, M., Zaatar, A., Svoboda, Z., Xaverova, Z., & Pietraszewski, P. (2015). The Gluteus Medius Vs. Thigh Muscles Strength Ratio and Their Relation to Electromyography Amplitude During a Farmer's Walk Exercise. J Hum Kinet, 45, 157-165. doi:10.1515/hukin-2015-0016

Styles, W. J., Matthews, M. J., & Comfort, P. (2016). Effects of Strength Training on Squat and Sprint Performance in Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res, 30(6), 1534-1539. doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001243

Suarez-Arrones, L., Saez de Villarreal, E., Nunez, F. J., Di Salvo, V., Petri, C., Buccolini, A., . . . Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2018). In-season eccentric-overload training in elite soccer players: Effects on body composition, strength and sprint performance. PLoS One, 13(10), e0205332. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205332

Tang, S. F., Chen, C. K., Hsu, R., Chou, S. W., Hong, W. H., & Lew, H. L. (2001). Vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis activity in open and closed kinetic chain exercises in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: an electromyographic study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 82(10), 1441-1445. doi:10.1053/apmr.2001.26252

Thomson, C., Krouwel, O., Kuisma, R., & Hebron, C. (2016). The outcome of hip exercise in patellofemoral pain: A systematic review. Man Ther, 26, 1-30. doi:10.1016/j.math.2016.06.003

Trammell, A. P., & Pilson, H. (2019). Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Tensor Fasciae Latae Muscle. In StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls PublishingStatPearls Publishing LLC.

Valencia, O., Cristi, I., Ahumada, D., Meza, K., Salas, R., Weinstein, A., & Venegas, R. G. (2020). El impacto inicial con antepié incrementa la actividad muscular del gastrocnemios durante la carrera. Un estudio cuantitativo de actividad electromiográfica. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación(38), 271-275.

Van Hooren, B., & Zolotarjova, J. (2017). The Difference Between Countermovement and Squat Jump Performances: A Review of Underlying Mechanisms With Practical Applications. J Strength Cond Res, 31(7), 2011-2020. doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001913

Wada, O., Gamada, K., Aoyama, N., Mizuno, K., & Iwasaki, Y. (2019). A difference in rotational alignment of the tibio-femoral joint after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction between the bone-patellar tendon-bone and semitendinosus-gracilis grafts. Clinical Biomechanics, 65, 45-50.

Waly, S. M., Asfour, S. S., & Khalil, T. M. (2003). Effects of window size and load on estimated myoelectric signal power spectrum. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 44(4), 595-610. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-8352(02)00237-1

Willcox, E. L., & Burden, A. M. (2013). The influence of varying hip angle and pelvis position on muscle recruitment patterns of the hip abductor muscles during the clam exercise. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 43(5), 325-331. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4004

Wu, H. W., Tsai, C. F., Liang, K. H., & Chang, Y. W. (2019). Effect of Loading Devices on Muscle Activation in Squat and Lunge. J Sport Rehabil, 1-19. doi:10.1123/jsr.2018-0182

Yu, C., Shao, S., Baker, J. S., & Gu, Y. (2018). Comparing the biomechanical characteristics between squat and standing serves in female table tennis athletes. PeerJ, 6, e4760. doi:10.7717/peerj.4760

Downloads

Published

2021-01-01

How to Cite

Rojas-Quinchavil, G., Venegas-Jeldrez, P., Valencia, O., Guzmán-Venegas, R., Araneda, O. F., Berral de la Rosa, F. J., & Flores-Leon, A. F. (2021). Hip and thigh muscular activity in professional soccer players during an isometric squat with and without controlled hip contraction (Actividad muscular de cadera y muslo en jugadores de fútbol profesionales durante una sentadilla isométrica con y sin co. Retos, 39, 697–704. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.82024

Issue

Section

Original Research Article

Most read articles by the same author(s)