Actividad de músculos intrínsecos del pie durante un agarre máximo. Un estudio descriptivo en corredores (Intrinsic foot muscle activity during maximum grip. A descriptive study in runners)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107655Palabras clave:
Músculos intrínsecos del pie, Agarre máximo del pie, Electromiografía de superficie, Corredores aficionadosResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el porcentaje de activación de los músculos intrínsecos del pie (MIP) durante el gesto de agarre máximo del pie, en corredores recreacionales. En este estudio descriptivo, se evaluaron 10 corredores aficionados (edad= 22,5 ± 2,8 años; estatura= 1,6 ± 0,0 m; peso= 67,6 ±12,0kg; sexo= cinco mujeres, cinco hombres). Todos los voluntarios dieron su consentimiento informado previamente. La actividad mioeléctrica se evaluó en seis MIP: extensor corto de los dedos (ECD), primer interóseo dorsal (ID), abductor corto del quinto dedo (AbdQD), flexor corto de los dedos/cuadrado plantar (FCD/CP), flexor corto del hallux (FCH) y abductor del hallux (AbdH). Esta medición se llevó a cabo mediante electromiografía (EMG) de superficie durante un agarre máximo. La amplitud de estas señales fue expresada como porcentaje de su amplitud durante una contracción voluntaria máxima (%CVM), la cual fue capturada en pruebas específicas para cada MIP. Todos los datos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva, usando medidas de centralización (promedio) y dispersión (desviación estándar). Los músculos FCD/CP (71,0 ± 10,9%CVM), ID (62,4 ± 24,1%CVM) y AbdQD (46,1 ± 18,1%CVM) mostraron una mayor actividad durante el agarre máximo. En contraste, el músculo que exhibió la menor actividad durante el agarre fue el ECD (7,5 ± 5,7%CVM). En conclusión, se observó una variación en los niveles de actividad para cada MIP durante el agarre, destacando una mayor activación en el músculo FCD/CP, el cual está directamente implicado en la flexión plantar de la articulación metatarsofalángica.
Palabras clave: músculos intrínsecos del pie, agarre máximo del pie, electromiografía de superficie, corredores aficionados.
Abstract. This study aimed to describe the percentage of intrinsic foot muscles (IFM) activation during maximal toe grip in amateur runners. In this descriptive study, ten amateur runners (age = 22.5 ± 2.8 years; height = 1.67 ± 0.08 m; weight = 67.6 ± 12.0 kg; sex= five female, five male) were evaluated. All volunteers provided prior informed consent. Myoelectric activity was assessed in six IFM: extensor digitorum brevis (EDB), first dorsal interossei (DI), abductor digiti minimi (ADM), flexor digitorum brevis/quadratus plantae (FDB/QP), flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), and abductor hallucis (AH). This measurement was conducted through surface electromyography (EMG) during maximum toe grip. The amplitude of these signals was expressed as a percentage of their peak amplitude during a maximum voluntary contraction (%MCV), which was captured in specific tests for each IFM. All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including measures of central tendency (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation). The FDB/QP (71.0 ± 10.9%MVC), DI (62.4 ± 24.1%MVC), and ADM (46.1 ± 18.1%MVC) muscles exhibited greater activity during maximum toe grip. In contrast, the muscle that displayed the lowest activity during grip was the EDB (7.5 ± 5.7%MVC). In conclusion, it was observed that the level of activation of each IFM during grip varied, with higher activation in the FDB/QP muscle, which is directly involved in plantar flexion of the metatarsophalangeal joint.
Keywords: intrinsic foot muscles, toe grip, surface electromyography, amateur runners.
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