Modificación de patrones cinemáticos y electromiográficos en extremidad inferior por el uso de celular (Modification of kinematic and electromyographic patterns in the lower limb by the use of cell phones)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.77730Palabras clave:
Electromiografía, cinemática, tarea dual, marcha con obstáculo (Electromyography, kinematics, dual task, gait with obstacle)Resumen
Las lesiones de transeúntes relacionadas al uso de teléfono celular han aumentado en relación con el total de accidentes peatonales. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar variables cinemáticas y electromiográficas de ambas extremidades inferiores al enfrentar un obstáculo, con (CC) y sin (SC) el uso de celular. Diez mujeres jóvenes fueron evaluadas, las cuales caminaron y enfrentaron un obstáculo CC y SC. Con un modelo biomecánico 3D se evaluó la cinemática de extremidad inferior (plano sagital de cadera, rodilla, tobillo, junto al “toe clearance”). Al mismo tiempo se registró la actividad electromiográfica (EMG) de los siguientes músculos: tibial anterior (TA), gastrocnemio medial (GM), recto anterior (RA) y bíceps femoral (BF). Se calculó la amplitud EMG promedio de cada músculo, y el porcentaje de coactivación muscular entre: TA-GM y RA-BF. Se analizó la estrategia de ambas piernas, considerando un primer (P1) y segundo paso (P2) al cruzar el obstáculo, comparando entre una marcha CC vs CS. Según los resultados, la marcha CC incrementa el toe clearance, flexión de cadera, y la amplitud del GM, observado tanto en P1 como P2 al cruzar el obstáculo. Adicionalmente, el P2 reveló un incremento en la flexión de rodilla y tobillo. Por otro lado, la amplitud del TA y coactivación muscular entre TA-GM también aumentó CC en el P2. En conclusión, las variables cinemáticas y electromiográficas en las extremidades inferiores se modifican al cruzar un obstáculo CC. Estos hallazgos podrían indicar una estrategia protectora durante la tarea dual evaluada, minimizar el riesgo de caída.
Abstract. Pedestrian injuries related to the use of cell phone have increased in relation to the total number of pedestrian accidents. The aim of this study was to compare kinematic and electromyographic variables in both lower limbs at facing an obstacle, with (WC) and without (WoC) the use of a cell phone. Ten young women were evaluated, while walking and facing an obstacle WC and WoC. A 3D biomechanical model was used to evaluate the lower limb kinematics (hip, knee, ankle in the sagittal plane, together with “toe clearance”). At the same time, the electromyographic (EMG) activity was registered in the following muscles: tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius medialis (GM), rectus femoris (RF) and biceps femoris (BF). The mean EMG amplitude of each muscle and the muscular coactivation percentage between: TA-GM and RA-BF were calculated. The strategy for both lower limbs considering the first (P1) and the second step (P2) were analyzed when crossing the obstacle, comparing between gait WC vs WoC. According to results, the gait WC increase the toe clearance, hip flexion, and the GM amplitude, observed both in P1 as P2 when the person crossed the obstacle. Furthermore, the P2 revealed an increase in the knee and ankle flexion. On the other hand, the TA amplitude and the muscular coactivation between TA-GM also increased WC in the P2. In conclusion, the kinematic and electromyographic variables in the lower limbs are modified when crossing an obstacle WC. These findings could indicate a protective strategy during the dual-task evaluated, minimizing the risk of falling.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2020 Oscar David Valencia Cayupán, María José Hudson, Felipe Carpes, Marcos Kunzler, Fernanda Gándara, Isidora Le Roy, Rodrigo Guzmán-Venegas
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