Asimetrías y diferencias por sexo en la cinemática del ciclo de carrera en un grupo de corredores recreativos andaluces (Bilateral asymmetries and sex differences in the kinematics of running gait cycle of a group of Andalusian recreational runners)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i41.85934Palabras clave:
ciclo de carrera, fase de apoyo, fase de vuelo, articulación subastragalina, pronación., (Running gait cycle, stance phase, swing phase, subtalar joint, eversion)Resumen
Un ciclo de carrera comienza cuando un pie contacta con el suelo y termina cuando el mismo pie contacta de nuevo con el suelo de forma consecutiva. En un ciclo de carrera cada extremidad inferior tiene una fase de apoyo y una fase de vuelo. Durante la fase de apoyo la pronación de la articulación subastragalina es uno de los mecanismos de los que disponemos para absorber las fuerzas de impacto. Sin embargo, una excesiva pronación puede predisponer a lesiones por sobreuso de la extremidad inferior. Los propósitos del presente estudio fueron analizar 1) la duración de las fases de apoyo y vuelo de ambas piernas en un ciclo de carrera, el máximo ángulo de pronación y los momentos en los que se producen dicho ángulo y la posición neutra de la articulación subastragalina, 2) las diferencias en la pierna dominante y la no dominante en las citadas variables, 3) las diferencias de género en dichas variables. 20 corredores recreacionales de entre 20 y 28 años (10 hombres y 10 mujeres) fueron grabados corriendo en tapiz rodante entre 11 km/h y 12 km/h con una cámara de alta velocidad a 300 Hz. No existieron asimetrías en el ciclo de carrera pues no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la pierna dominante y la no dominante en ninguna variable. El valor máximo del ángulo de pronación fue más tardío en mujeres que en hombres, lo que puede estar relacionado con la mayor prevalencia de ciertas lesiones de la extremidad inferior en mujeres.
Abstract. Running gait cycle begins when one foot comes in contact with the ground and ends when the same foot contacts the ground again. In a running gait cycle each lower limb has a stance phase and a swing phase. During the stance phase eversion of the subtalar joint is one of the mechanisms used to absorb impact forces. However, excessive rearfoot eversion may contribute to overuse running injuries of the lower limb. It is necessary to provide additional insight on sex differences or differences between dominant and non-dominant limbs in the different phases of the running gait cycle, as well as in the movements of the subtalar joint in the coronal plane. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine bilateral asymmetries, sex differences and peak eversion angle in the running gait cycle of recreational runners. 20 recreational runners aged 20 – 28 years (10 males and 10 females) were recorded on a treadmill at a running speed between 11 km/h and 12 km/h with high speed camera at 300 Hz. Males and females showed no significant differences between limbs in any of the variables of interest, indicating no bilateral asymmetries in running gait cycle. Female runners demonstrated a greater time to peak eversion than male runners (36.92 ± 5.79% vs 26.37 ± 5.12%, p < .01) and this may be related to some overuse running injuries that are more prevalent in females. The data obtained in this study may serve as a useful reference for future research.
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