Actividad muscular de cadera y muslo en jugadores de fútbol profesionales durante una sentadilla isométrica con y sin contracción controlada de cadera (Hip and thigh muscular activity in professional soccer players during an isometric squat with and witho
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.82024Palabras clave:
Ejercicio isométrico, Sentadilla, Cadera, Rodilla, Electromiografía, Futbolista, (Isometric exercise; squat; hip; knee; electromyography; soccer player)Resumen
Resumen. El propósito de la presente investigación fue doble: 1) Comparar la actividad muscular de la cadera y el muslo de los futbolistas profesionales cuando realizan sentadillas isométricas con y sin contracción controlada de la cadera; 2) Determinar las relaciones musculares que tienen lugar durante estas modalidades de ejecución del ejercicio. Metodología: 11 jugadores de fútbol profesionales sanos, realizaron al azar tres modalidades de sentadilla isométrica con una flexión de rodilla de 60 °: sentadilla convencional (SQ), sentadilla con contracción de abducción de cadera (SQ-ABD) y sentadilla con contracción de aducción de cadera (SQ-ADD), controladas al 70% de 1 repetición máxima. La actividad del glúteo medio (GM), el tensor de la fascia lata (TFL), el vasto medial (VM), el vasto lateral (VL), el semitendinoso (ST) y el bíceps femoral (BF) se obtuvo mediante electromiografía de superficie. Se analizaron las relaciones de los músculos de la cadera (GM/TFL), cuádriceps (VM / VL), isquiotibiales (ST/BF) e isquiotibiales/cuádriceps (H/Q). Resultados: GM aumenta en SQ-ABD y SQ-ADD en comparación con SQ (p<.01). Los músculos TFL, VL, SM y BF tienen una actividad significativamente mayor en SQ-ADD en comparación con SQ (p<.05). Los músculos VL, VM y BF aumentan significativamente su actividad en SQ-ADD en comparación con SQ-ABD (p <.05). GM/TFL, VM/VL y ST/BF no muestran diferencias significativas entre los tres métodos de sentadilla isométrica. La relación H/Q fue mayor en SQ-ABD y SQ-ADD en comparación con SQ (p<.01). Conclusión: La sentadilla con contracción de aducción de cadera de manera controlada aumenta la actividad muscular de la cadera y el muslo. La realización de esta maniobra combinada puede tener beneficios en el entrenamiento deportivo y la rehabilitación porque aumenta la relación H / Q de los jugadores de fútbol.
Abstract. The purpose of the present investigation was twofold 1) To compare the hip and thigh muscular activity of professional soccer players when performing the isometric squat with and without controlled hip contraction; 2) To determine the muscular relationships that take place during these methods of execution of the exercise. Methods: 11 healthy male professional soccer players, randomly performed three modalities of isometric squat at a 60° knee flexion: conventional squat (SQ), squat with hip abduction contraction (SQ-ABD) and squat with hip adduction contraction (SQ-ADD), controlled at 70% of 1 maximum repetition. The activity of the gluteus medius (GM), tensor fasciae latae (TFL), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris (BF) was obtained through surface electromyography. Hip (GM/TFL), quadriceps (VM/VL) hamstrings (ST/BF), and hamstrings/quadriceps (H/Q) ratios were analyzed. Results: GM increases in SQ-ABD and SQ-ADD compared to SQ (p<.01). The TFL, VL, SM and BF muscles have significantly higher activity in SQ-ADD compared to SQ (p<.05). The VL, VM and BF muscles significantly increase their activity in SQ-ADD compared to SQ-ABD (p <0.05). GM/TFL, VM/VL and ST/BF do not show significant differences between the three isometric squat methods. The H/Q ratio was higher in SQ-ABD and SQ-ADD compared to SQ (p<.01). Conclusion: The squat with hip adduction contraction in a controlled manner increases the muscular activity of the hip and thigh. Performing this combined maneuver can have benefits in sports training and rehabilitation because it increases the H/Q ratio of soccer players.
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Derechos de autor 2020 Gabriel Rojas-Quinchavil, Pablo Venegas-Jeldrez, Oscar Valencia, Rodrigo Guzmán-Venegas, Oscar Florencio Araneda, Francisco José Berral de la Rosa, Andres Felipe Flores-Leon
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
