Efectos de un entrenamiento de la musculatura respiratoria sobre la función pulmonar en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad (Effects of respiratory muscle training on lung function in adolescents with overweight and obesity)

Autores/as

  • María-Francisca Parra-vera Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8674-1754
  • Yeny Concha-Cisternas Universidad Arturo Prat, Chile.
  • Joaquín Salazar-Méndez Universidad Santo Tomás, Chile
  • Pablo Valdes-Badilla Universidad Viña del Mar, Chile
  • Eduardo Guzman Muñoz Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7001-9004

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107863

Palabras clave:

; lung function; spirometry; overweight; obesity; adolescents.

Resumen

La prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad en adolescentes ha alcanzado tasas alarmantes a nivel mundial, con implicaciones significativas para la salud, incluido el deterioro de la función pulmonar. Este estudio investigó los efectos del entrenamiento de la musculatura respiratoria (EMR) sobre la función pulmonar en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Se empleó un diseño cuasiexperimental con 28 participantes, asignados aleatoriamente a grupos de EMR y control. La función pulmonar se evaluó mediante espirometría y pimometría antes y después de una intervención de 8 semanas. Los resultados revelaron mejoras significativas en las variables de espirometría (FEV1, FVC, PEF, FEF25, FEF50, FEF75, FEF25-75) y las variables de pimometría (PIM, PEM) en el grupo de EMR en comparación con los controles. Sin embargo, no se observaron cambios significativos en el patrón ventilatorio restrictivo. Los hallazgos sugieren que el EMR aislado mejora la función pulmonar y la fuerza de los músculos respiratorios en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad. Las intervenciones futuras deben considerar la combinación de EMR con estrategias de reducción del IMC para lograr mejoras integrales en la salud respiratoria en esta población.

Palabras clave: Entrenamiento de la musculatura respiratoria; función pulmonar; espirometría; sobrepeso; obesidad; adolescentes.

Abstract. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents has reached alarming rates globally, with significant implications for health, including compromised lung function. This study investigated the effects of progressive respiratory muscle training (RMT) on lung function in overweight and obese adolescents. A quasi-experimental design was employed with 28 participants, randomly assigned to RMT or control groups. Lung function was assessed using spirometry and pymometry before and after an 8-week intervention. Results revealed significant improvements in spirometry variables (FEV1, FVC, PEF, FEF25, FEF50, FEF75, FEF25-75) and pymometry variables (MIP, MEP) in the RMT group compared to controls. However, no significant changes were observed in the restrictive ventilatory pattern. The findings suggest that isolated RMT enhances lung function and respiratory muscle strength in overweight and obese adolescents. Future interventions should consider combining RMT with strategies to reduce BMI for comprehensive improvements in respiratory health in this population.

Keywords: Respiratory muscle training; lung function; spirometry; overweight; obesity; adolescents.

Citas

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Publicado

2024-11-01

Cómo citar

Parra-vera, M.-F., Concha-Cisternas, Y., Salazar-Méndez, J., Valdes-Badilla, P., & Guzman Muñoz, E. (2024). Efectos de un entrenamiento de la musculatura respiratoria sobre la función pulmonar en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad (Effects of respiratory muscle training on lung function in adolescents with overweight and obesity). Retos, 60, 181–186. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107863

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

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