Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la condición física en niños y niñas con sobrepeso y obesidad: una revisión sistemática (Effects of strength training on the fitness in boys and girls with overweight and obesity: a systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.87756Palabras clave:
obesidad infantil, condición física, entrenamiento de fuerza, entrenamiento de resistencia, (childhood obesity, physical fitness, strength training, resistance training)Resumen
Introducción: Debido a las preocupantes cifras de obesidad infantil y los riesgos para la salud que significa tener este estado nutricional no saludable, nuestro objetivo fue realizar una revisión sistemática para determinar los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza muscular sobre la condición física general de niños y niñas con sobreopeso y obesidad. Métodos: Se utilizaron las bases de datos PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, SciELO y Google Scholar. Los estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión fueron valorados en cuanto a su calidad metodológica a través de la escala PEDro. Resultados: Los estudios señalan que el entrenamiento de fuerza cuando es aplicado de manera aislada aumenta la fuerza muscular, flexibilidad, potencia muscular, agilidad y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en niños y niñas con sobrepeso y obesidad. Cuando el entrenamiento de fuerza se combinó con actividades aeróbicas se observaron aumentos significativos de la fuerza muscular, capacidad cardiorrespiratoria y flexibilidad Conclusiones: A pesar de la diversidad de los estudios, el entrenamiento de fuerza muscular parece tener un efecto positivo en la condición física general de los niños y niñas con sobrepeso y obesidad.
Abstract. Introduction: Due to the worrying figures for childhood obesity and the health risks of having this unhealthy nutritional state, our objective was to carry out a systematic review to determine the effects of muscle strength training on the general physical condition of boys and girls overweight and obese. Methods: PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, SciELO and Google Scholar databases were used. The studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for their methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Results: Studies indicate that strength training when applied in isolation increases muscle strength, flexibility, muscle power, agility, and cardiorespiratory capacity in overweight and obese boys and girls. When strength training was combined with aerobic activities, significant increases in muscle strength, cardiorespiratory capacity and flexibility were observed. Conclusions: Despite the diversity of studies, muscle strength training seems to have a positive effect on the general physical condition of overweight and obese boys and girls.
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