Efectos de seis semanas de entrenamiento isoinercial sobre la capacidad de salto, velocidad de carrera y equilibrio postural dinámico (Effects of six weeks of isoinertial training on vertical jump performance, running velocity, and dynamic postural balance)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v48.95284Palabras clave:
entrenamiento de fuerza, fuerza muscular, destreza motora, control postural, rendimiento físico funcionalResumen
Introducción: El método de entrenamiento de fuerza isoinercial presenta beneficios tanto en el campo del deporte y la rehabilitación. La evidencia disponible sugiere que este tipo de entrenamiento aumenta la fuerza y velocidad de las respuestas musculares. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de seis semanas de entrenamiento isoinercial sobre la capacidad de salto, velocidad de carrera y equilibrio postural dinámico en adultos no entrenados. Método: El diseño de este estudio fue pre-experimental. La selección de los participantes fue realizada de manera no probabilística por conveniencia. La muestra fue compuesta por 8 adultos, 4 personas de sexo femenino y 4 de sexo masculino. Se realizaron evaluaciones de evaluación de la fuerza explosiva a través del countermovement jump (CMJ), la prueba de carrera de 20 metros y la prueba de equilibrio postural dinámico Star Excursion Balance Test modificada (SEBTm). Todas las evaluaciones fueron realizadas pre y post un entrenamiento isoinercial. Resultados: Posterior al programa de entrenamiento isoinercial, la capacidad de salto aumentó un 17% en hombres y un 15% en mujeres. El tiempo de carrera disminuyó un 22% tanto en hombres como mujeres. El equilibrio postural dinámico también mostró un mejor rendimiento en las tres direcciones evaluadas en hombres y mujeres sometidos al entrenamiento isoinercial. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de fuerza con el método isoinercial parece ser una herramienta eficaz para la mejora de la capacidad de salto CMJ, velocidad de carrera y equilibrio postural dinámico en adultos saludables no entrenados.
Palabras clave: entrenamiento de fuerza; fuerza muscular; destreza motora; control postural; rendimiento físico funcional.
Abstract. Introduction: The isoinertial strength training method has benefits both in the field of sports and rehabilitation. The available evidence suggests that this type of training increases the strength and velocity of muscle responses. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of six weeks of isoinertial training on jumping ability, running speed, and dynamic postural balance in untrained adults. Method: The design of this study was pre-experimental. The selection of the participants was carried out in a non-probabilistic way for convenience. The sample was composed of 8 adults, 4 females and 4 males. Explosive strength assessment tests were performed through the countermovement jump (CMJ), the 20-meter sprint test, and the modified Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBTm) for dynamic postural balance test. All evaluations were performed before and after isoinertial training. Results: After the isoinertial training program, jump ability increased by 17% in men and 15% in women. Race time decreased by 22% in both men and women. Dynamic postural balance also showed better performance in the three directions evaluated in men and women who underwent isoinertial training. Conclusion: Strength training with the isoinertial method seems to be an effective tool for improving CMJ jump ability, running velocity and dynamic postural balance in healthy untrained adults.
Keywords: strength training; muscular strength; motor skills; Postural control; functional physical performance.
Citas
Abbott, B. C., Bigland, B., & Ritchie, J. M. (1952). The physiological cost of negative work. The Journal of physiolo-gy, 117(3), 380. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1952.sp004755
Beato, M., & Dello Iacono, A. (2020). Implementing Flywheel (Isoinertial) Exercise in Strength Training: Current Evidence, Practical Recommendations, and Future Directions. Frontiers in physiology, 11, 569. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00569
Beattie, K., Kenny, I. C., Lyons, M., & Carson, B. P. (2014). The effect of strength training on performance in endurance athletes. Sports Medicine, 44(6), 845-865. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0157-y
Bellomo, R. G., Iodice, P., Maffulli, N., Maghradze, T., Coco, V., & Saggini, R. (2013). Muscle strength and balance training in sarcopenic elderly: a pilot study with randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Inflammation, 11(1), 193-201. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1721727X1301100118
Bosco, C., Luhtanen, P., & Komi, P. V. (1983). A simple method for measurement of mechanical power in jump-ing. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 50(2), 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00422166
Bruseghini, P., Calabria, E., Tam, E., Milanese, C., Oliboni, E., Pezzato, A., Pogliaghi, S., Salvagno, G. L., Schena, F., Mucelli, R. P., & Capelli, C. (2015). Effects of eight weeks of aerobic interval training and of isoinertial resistance train-ing on risk factors of cardiometabolic diseases and exercise capacity in healthy elderly subjects. Oncotarget, 6(19), 16998–17015. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.4031
Buckthorpe, M., Erskine, R. M., Fletcher, G., & Folland, J. P. (2015). Task‐specific neural adaptations to isoinertial re-sistance training. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 25(5), 640-649. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12292
Butler, R. J., Southers, C., Gorman, P. P., Kiesel, K. B., & Plisky, P. J. (2012). Differences in soccer players' dynamic balance across levels of competition. Journal of athletic training, 47(6), 616-620. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.5.14
Cabanillas, R., Serna, J., Muñoz-Arroyave, V., & Ramos, J. A. E. (2020). Effect of eccentric overload through isoinertial technology in basketball players. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 22. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2020v22e59831
Cermak, N. M., Snijders, T., McKay, B. R., Parise, G., Verdijk, L. B., Tarnopolsky, M. A., Gibala, M. J., & Van Loon, L. J. C. (2013). Eccentric exercise increases satellite cell content in type II muscle fibers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 45(2), 230-237. doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318272cf47
Colliander, E. B., & Tesch, P. A. (1990). Effects of eccentric and concentric muscle actions in resistance training. Acta physi-ologica scandinavica, 140(1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1990.tb08973.x
Dinyer, T. K., Byrd, M. T., Garver, M. J., Rickard, A. J., Miller, W. M., Burns, S., Clasey, J. L., & Bergstrom, H. C. (2019). Low-Load vs. High-Load Resistance Training to Failure on One Repetition Maximum Strength and Body Com-position in Untrained Women. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 33(7), 1737–1744. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003194
Doan, B. K., Newton, R. U., Marsit, J. L., Triplett-McBride, N. T., Koziris, L. P., Fry, A. C., & Kraemer, W. J. (2002). Effects of increased eccentric loading on bench press 1RM. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 16(1), 9-13. PMID: 11834100
Douglas, J., Pearson, S., Ross, A., & McGuigan, M. (2017). Eccentric Exercise: Physiological Characteristics and Acute Responses. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 47(4), 663–675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0624-8
Faigenbaum, A. D., Kraemer, W. J., Blimkie, C. J., Jeffreys, I., Micheli, L. J., Nitka, M., & Rowland, T. W. (2009). Youth resistance training: updated position statement paper from the national strength and conditioning association. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23, S60-S79. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31819df407
Fernández-Gonzalo, R., Lundberg, T. R., Alvarez-Alvarez, L., & de Paz, J. A. (2014). Muscle damage responses and adap-tations to eccentric-overload resistance exercise in men and women. European journal of applied physiology, 114(5), 1075-1084. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2836-7
Fiorilli, G., Mariano, I., Iuliano, E., Giombini, A., Ciccarelli, A., Buonsenso, A., ... & di Cagno, A. (2020). Isoinertial eccentric-overload training in young soccer players: Effects on strength, sprint, change of direction, agility and soccer shooting precision. Journal of sports science & medicine, 19(1), 213. PMID: 32132845
Gribble, P. A., Hertel, J., & Plisky, P. (2012). Using the Star Excursion Balance Test to assess dynamic postural-control deficits and outcomes in lower extremity injury: a literature and systematic review. Journal of athletic training, 47(3), 339-357. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.3.08
Gribble, P. A., Kelly, S. E., Refshauge, K. M., & Hiller, C. E. (2013). Interrater reliability of the star excursion balance test. Journal of athletic training, 48(5), 621-626. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.03
Hertel, J., Braham, R. A., Hale, S. A., & Olmsted-Kramer, L. C. (2006). Simplifying the star excursion balance test: anal-yses of subjects with and without chronic ankle instability. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 36(3), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2006.36.3.131
Hody, S., Croisier, J. L., Bury, T., Rogister, B., & Leprince, P. (2019). Eccentric Muscle Contractions: Risks and Benefits. Frontiers in physiology, 10, 536. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00536
Lindstedt, S. L., LaStayo, P. C., & Reich, T. E. (2001). When active muscles lengthen: properties and consequences of eccentric contractions. Physiology, 16(6), 256-261. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.2001.16.6.256
López-Segovia, M., Marques, M. C., Van den Tillaar, R., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2011). Relationships between vertical jump and full squat power outputs with sprint times in u21 soccer players. Journal of human kinetics, 30, 135. https://doi.org/10.2478%2Fv10078-011-0081-2
Madruga-Parera, M., Bishop, C., Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A., Beato, M., Gonzalo-Skok, O., & Romero-Rodríguez, D. (2022). Effects of 8 weeks of isoinertial vs. cable-resistance training on motor skills performance and interlimb asymme-tries. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(5), 1200-1208. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003594
Maestroni, L., Read, P., Bishop, C., Papadopoulos, K., Suchomel, T. J., Comfort, P., & Turner, A. (2020). The benefits of strength training on musculoskeletal system health: practical applications for interdisciplinary care. Sports Medici-ne, 50(8), 1431-1450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01309-5
Maroto-Izquierdo, S., García-López, D., & de Paz, J. A. (2017). Functional and muscle-size effects of flywheel resistance training with eccentric-overload in professional handball players. Journal of human kinetics, 60(1), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0096
Maroto-Izquierdo, S., McBride, J. M., Gonzalez-Diez, N., García-López, D., González-Gallego, J., & de Paz, J. A. (2022). Comparison of Flywheel and Pneumatic Training on Hypertrophy, Strength, and Power in Professional Handball Play-ers. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 93(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2020.1762836
Marques, M. A. C., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2006). In-season resistance training and detraining in professional team handball players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 20(3), 563. https://doi.org/10.1519/r-17365.1
Martínez-Pérez, P., & Vaquero-Cristóbal, R. (2021). Revisión sistemática del entrenamiento de fuerza en futbolistas pre-adolescentes y adolescentes (Systematic review of strength training in preadolescent and adolescent football players). Re-tos, 41, 272–284. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i41.82487
McBride, J. M., McCaulley, G. O., & Cormie, P. (2008). Influence of preactivity and eccentric muscle activity on concen-tric performance during vertical jumping. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(3), 750-757. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31816a83ef
Mosteiro-Muñoz, F., & Domínguez, R. (2017). Efectos del entrenamiento con sobrecargas isoinerciales sobre la función muscular. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte/International Journal of Medicine and Science of Physical Activity and Sport, 17(68), 757-773.
Naczk, M., Naczk, A., Brzenczek-Owczarzak, W., Arlet, J., & Adach, Z. (2016). Impact of inertial training on strength and power performance in young active men. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 30(8), 2107-2113. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSC.0000000000000217
Norrbrand, L., Pozzo, M., & Tesch, P. A. (2010). Flywheel resistance training calls for greater eccentric muscle activation than weight training. European journal of applied physiology, 110(5), 997-1005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1575-7
Onambélé, G. L., Maganaris, C. N., Mian, O. S., Tam, E., Rejc, E., McEwan, I. M., & Narici, M. V. (2008). Neuromus-cular and balance responses to flywheel inertial versus weight training in older persons. Journal of biomechanics, 41(15), 3133-3138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.09.004
Prieto González, P., Sagat, P., Ben Brahim, M., & Sedlacek, J. (2020). Análisis de la veracidad de determinadas creencias asociadas habitualmente al entrenamiento de fuerza. Una revisión narrativa (Analysis of the veracity of certain beliefs frequently associated to resistance training. A narrative review). Retos, 38, 773–781. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v38i38.69739
Sabido, R., Hernández-Davó, J. L., Botella, J., Navarro, A., & Tous-Fajardo, J. (2017). Effects of adding a weekly eccen-tric-overload training session on strength and athletic performance in team-handball players. European journal of sport sci-ence, 17(5), 530-538. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2017.1282046
Sañudo, B., Sánchez-Hernández, J., Bernardo-Filho, M., Abdi, E., Taiar, R., & Núñez, J. (2019). Integrative neuromuscu-lar training in young athletes, injury prevention, and performance optimization: A systematic review. Applied Scienc-es, 9(18), 3839. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9183839
Shaffer, S. W., Teyhen, D. S., Lorenson, C. L., Warren, R. L., Koreerat, C. M., Straseske, C. A., & Childs, J. D. (2013). Y-balance test: a reliability study involving multiple raters. Military medicine, 178(11), 1264-1270. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-13-00222
Suchomel, T. J., Nimphius, S., Bellon, C. R., & Stone, M. H. (2018). The importance of muscular strength: training con-siderations. Sports medicine, 48(4), 765-785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0862-z
Tesch, P. A., Fernandez-Gonzalo, R., & Lundberg, T. R. (2017). Clinical Applications of Iso-Inertial, Eccentric-Overload (YoYo™) Resistance Exercise. Frontiers in physiology, 8, 241. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00241
Turki, O., Chaouachi, A., Behm, D. G., Chtara, H., Chtara, M., Bishop, D., ... & Amri, M. (2012). The effect of warm-ups incorporating different volumes of dynamic stretching on 10-and 20-m sprint performance in highly trained male athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(1), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e31821ef846
Vásquez-Orellana, K., López-Vásquez, M., Méndez-Rebolledo, G., & Muñoz, E. G. (2022). Efectos de un entrenamiento neuromuscular sobre el equilibrio postural dinámico y propiocepción en basquetbolistas juveniles con inestabilidad fun-cional de tobillo. Retos, 44, 1104-1112. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v44i0.91257
Westblad, N., Petré, H., Kårström, A., Psilander, N., & Björklund, G. (2021). The Effect of Autoregulated Flywheel and Traditional Strength Training on Training Load Progression and Motor Skill Performance in Youth Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3479. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073479
Westcott, W. L. (2012). Resistance training is medicine: effects of strength training on health. Current sports medicine re-ports, 11(4), 209-216. https://doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0b013e31825dabb8
Yánez, C. A., Mancera, E. M., & Suárez, C. (2022). Entrenamiento de fuerza isoinercial en adultos mayores: una revisión literaria. Apunts. Educación física y deportes, 1(147), 36-44.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Retos
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
