Reference values for the 5000-meter test in Chilean athletes aged 35 to 74 years: Cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.103420Keywords:
Running, Track and field, Athletic Performance, AdultAbstract
Background: Athletics is a sport that seeks to surpass the athletic performance of opponents in a set of disciplines. Objective: Develop a qualitative scale for the assessment of athletic performance in the 5000-meter dash in Chilean athletes between 35 and 74 years old. Material and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, whose sample considers 449 female and 903 male master athletes who participated in the 5000-meter dash test during the period 2014 to 2022, these data being obtained from the registry of the Federation of Master Athletics of Chile. Athletic performance was determined through the time used to complete the test, while the qualitative scale was constructed with the percentiles < 10, ≥ 10, ≥ 25, ≥ 50, ≥ 75, corresponding to the criteria excellent, very good, good, average and poor. Results: In the 5000-meter race test. The average was 21:04:34 and 25:36:46 for males and females respectively. In general, the standard error of the mean = 00:05:81 for the male gender and 00:11:70 for the female-female gender, reporting significant differences and a large effect size (p < 0,001; d > 0. 8) in all age categories based on sex. Conclusion: The creation of the qualitative scale for the 5000-meter dash test allows evaluating and classifying the sporting level in athletes between 35 and 74 years.
Keywords: Running; Track and field; Athletic Performance; Adult.
References
Avello-Viveros, C., Ulloa-Mendoza, R., Duran-Aguero, S., Carrasco-Castro, R., & Pizarro-Mena, R. (2022). Asocia-ción entre nivel de Actividad Física, y Motivación en personas mayores que practican Running. Retos, 46, 431–441. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.93397
Alves, M. D. D. J., Knechtle, B., Silva, D. D. S., Fernandes, M. S. D. S., Gomes, J. H., Thuany, M., Aidar, F. J., Weiss, K., & De Souza, R. F. (2023). Effects of High-Intensity Warm-Up on 5000-Meter Performance Time in Trained Long-Distance Runners. Journal of sports science & medicine, 22(2), 254–262. https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2023.254
Alvero-Cruz, JR., Carnero, E.A., García, M.A.G., Alacid, F., Correas-Gómez, L., Rosemann ,T., Nikolaidis, P.T., Knechtle, B. (2020). Predictive Performance Models in Long-Distance Runners: A Narrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21):8289. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218289
Aragón, S., Lapresa, D., Arana, J., Anguera M.T., Garzón, B. (2016). Tactical behaviour of winning athletes in major championship 1500-m and 5000-m track finals. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(3):279-86. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1009494.
Besson, T., Macchi, R., Rossi, J., Morio, C. Y. M., Kunimasa, Y., Nicol, C., Vercruyssen, F., & Millet, G. Y. (2022). Sex Differences in Endurance Running. Sports medicine, 52(6), 1235–1257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01651-w
Bongard, V., McDermott, AY., Dallal, GE., Schaefer, EJ. (2007). Effects of age and gender on physical performance. Age (Dordr), 29(2-3):77-85.
Burke, L. M., Ross, M. L., Garvican-Lewis, L. A., Welvaert, M., Heikura, I. A., Forbes, S. G., Mirtschin, J. G., Cato, L. E., Strobel, N., Sharma, A. P., & Hawley, J. A. (2017). Low carbohydrate, high fat diet impairs exercise econ-omy and negates the performance benefit from intensified training in elite race walkers. The Journal of physiology, 595(9), 2785–2807. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP273230
Burtscher, M., Faulhaber, M., Flatz, M., Likar, R., & Nachbauer, W. (2006). Effects of short-term acclimatization to altitude (3200 m) on aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance. International journal of sports medicine, 27(8), 629–635. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-872823
Casa, D. J., Cheuvront, S. N., Galloway, S. D., & Shirreffs, S. M. (2019). Fluid Needs for Training, Competition, and Recovery in Track-and-Field Athletes. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 29(2), 175–180. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0374
Cheuvront, S. N., Carter, R., Deruisseau, K. C., & Moffatt, R. J. (2005). Running performance differences between men and women: An update. Sports Medicine, 35(12), 1017-1024. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200535120-00002.
Coquart, J. B., Garcin, M., Parfitt, G., Tourny-Chollet, C., & Eston, R. G. (2014). Prediction of maximal or peak oxygen uptake from ratings of perceived exertion. Sports Medicine, 44(5), 563–578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0139-5
Cuschieri, S. (2019). The STROBE guidelines. Saudi journal of anaesthesia, 13(S1), S31-4. doi: 10.4103/sja.SJA_543_18
Denadai, B. S., Ortiz, M. J., Greco, C. C., & de Mello, M. T. (2006). Interval training at 95% and 100% of the velocity at VO2 max: effects on aerobic physiological indexes and running performance. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme, 31(6), 737–743. https://doi.org/10.1139/h06-080
Espinoza-Salinas, A; González-Jurado, J; Molina-Sotomayor, E; Fuentes-Barría, H; Farías Valenzuela, C; Arenas-Sánchez, G. (2020). Mobilization, transport and oxidation of fatty acids: physiological mechanisms associated with weight loss. Journal of Sport and Health Research, 12(Supl 3): 303-312
Fuentes-Barría, H., Aguilera-Eguía, R., González-Wong, C. (2021). Motor skills, physical qualities and sensitive peri-ods in the development schoolchildren. Andes pediatrica. 92(6):983-984. doi: 10.32641/andespediatr.v92i6.4101.
Fuentes-Barría, H., Aguilera-Eguía, R., Garrido-Osorio, V., Polevoy, G. (2024). Valores de referencia para la prueba de carrera de 800 metros en atletas chilenos de 35 a 44 años: Estudio transversal. Retos, 51: 808-812. doi: 10.47197/retos.v51.100387
Fuentes-Barría, H., Aguilera-Eguía, R., Polevoy, G., Garrido-Osorio, V. (2024). Valores de referencia para la prueba de carrera de 1500 metros en atletas chilenos de 35 a 44 años: Estudio transversal. Retos, 52: 1565-1568
Ganse, B., Kleerekoper, A., Knobe, M., Hildebrand, F., & Degens, H. (2020). Longitudinal trends in master track and field performance throughout the aging process: 83,209 results from Sweden in 16 athletics disciplines. GeroScience, 42, 1609–1620. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00275-0
Huebner, M., Meltzer, D., Ma, W., & Arrow, H. (2020). The Masters athlete in Olympic weightlifting: Training, lifestyle, health challenges, and gender differences. PloS one, 15(12), e0243652. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243652.
Jiménez Torres, D A. (2022). Factores fisiológicos de rendimiento en los corredores de fondo. Ciencia y Deporte, 7(1), 116-134.https://dx.doi.org/10.34982/2223.1773.2022.v7.no1.009
Kirby, B. S., Winn, B. J., Wilkins, B. W., & Jones, A. M. (2021). Interaction of exercise bioenergetics with pacing behavior predicts track distance running performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 131(5), 1532-1542.
Lochbaum, M., Stoner, E., Hefner, T., Cooper, S., Lane, A. M., & Terry, P. C. (2022). Sport psychology and perfor-mance meta-analyses: A systematic review of the literature. PloS one, 17(2), e0263408. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263408
Maghsoudipour, M., Shabani, H., Najafabadi, M. G., Bakhshi, E., & Coh, P. (2018). The relationship between emo-tional intelligence, reaction time, aerobic capacity and performance in female track and field athletes at the Univer-sities of Tehran. Work (Reading, Mass.), 61(2), 173–179. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-182790
Manning, K. M., Hall, K. S., Sloane, R., Magistro, D., Rabaglietti, E., Lee, C. C., Castle, S., Kopp, T., Giffuni, J., Katzel, L., McDonald, M., Miyamoto, M., Pearson, M., Jennings, S. C., Bettger, J. P., & Morey, M. C. (2023). Longitudinal analysis of physical function in older adults: The effects of physical inactivity and exercise training. Ag-ing cell, e13987. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13987
Melin, A. K., Heikura, I. A., Tenforde, A., & Mountjoy, M. (2019). Energy Availability in Athletics: Health, Perfor-mance, and Physique. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 29(2), 152–164. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0201.
Pastor, F. S., Besson, T., Varesco, G., Parent, A., Fanget, M., Koral, J., Foschia, C., Rupp, T., Rimaud, D., Féasson, L., & Millet, G. Y. (2022). Performance Determinants in Trail-Running Races of Different Distances. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 17(6), 844–851. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2021-0362.
Peraza Zamora, C., Morales Romero, C. A., Rodríguez Pérez, M. L. (2018). Games to motivate teaching athletics at early ages from Physical Education class. Revista Podium, 13(3): 287-300
República de Chile. (2021). Law no. 19,712. Retrieved from the Library of the National Congress of Chile https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=181636&idVersion=2021-10-23&idParte=8647199
Saillant, K., Intzandt, B., Bérubé, B., Sanami, S., Gauthier, C., & Bherer, L. (2023). Mastering the Relationship be-tween the Body and the Brain? The Case of a Female Master Athlete. Experimental aging research, 49(4), 372–388. doi: 10.1080/0361073X.2022.2109340.
Salazar-Bravo, V., Loaiza-Dávila, L., Ávila-Mediavilla, C., & Vargas-Cuenca, G. (2020). Determination of scales for the identification of athletics talents in rural schools. Polo del Conocimiento, 5(11), 803-819. doi: 10.23857/pc.v5i11.2192
Skinner, J. S., & McLellan, T. M. (1980). The transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 51(1), 234–248. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1980.10609285.
Sandford, G. N., & Stellingwerff, T. (2019). "Question Your Categories": the Misunderstood Complexity of Middle-Distance Running Profiles With Implications for Research Methods and Application. Frontiers in sports and active liv-ing, 1, 28. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2019.00028
Tanaka, H., & Seals, D. R. (2008). Endurance exercise performance in Masters athletes: age-associated changes and underlying physiological mechanisms. Journal of Physiology, 586(1), 55-63. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.141879
World Medical Association. (2013). “World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical Principles for Medi-cal Research Involving Human Subjects.” JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 310(20), 2191–94. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.281053.
World Athletics. (2022). World Athletics Scoring Tables of Athletics. Revised edition https://worldathletics.org/news/news/scoring-tables-2022
Zaremski, J. L., Zeppieri, G., Jr, & Tripp, B. L. (2019). Sport Specialization and Overuse Injuries in Adolescent Throwing Athletes: A Narrative Review. Journal of athletic training, 54(10), 1030–1039. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-333-18
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Retos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
