Entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad basado en la actividad parasimpática y su impacto sobre la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria de estudiantes universitarios. Ensayo Controlado Aleatorizado (High intensity interval training based on parasympathetic activity and its impact on the cardi-orespiratory capacity of university students. Randomized Controlled Trial)

Autores/as

  • Héctor Fuentes-Barría Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Andres Bello. Concepción, Chile.
  • Raul Aguilera Eguia
  • Georgiy Polevoy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3300-3908

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105419

Palabras clave:

Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad, Consumo de oxígeno, Sistema Nervioso Autónomo, Estudiantes, Atletismo

Resumen

Introducción: El entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad tradicionalmente se prescribe mediante valores fijos que pueden ser insuficientes para la generación de perturbaciones homeostáticas. Objetivo: Evaluar cómo un programa de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad, guiado por la actividad parasimpática, afecta la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria de estudiantes universitarios físicamente activos. Método: Estudio controlado, paralelo y aleatorizado con cegado simple. 26 universitarios físicamente activos fueron divididos en un grupo control  y un grupo experimental para ser sometidos a 4 semanas de un entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad. La capacidad cardiorrespiratoria se estimó mediante el Step Test 3x1 y la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca se determinó mediante una prueba ortostática Resultados: Ambos grupos mostraron cambios significativos en el VO2 pico, siendo el grupo experimental el que mostró una mejora superior (C.V = 14%; p = 0,003; d = 1,16) comparado al grupo control (C.V = 11%; p = 0,01; d = 0,7). En cuanto a la actividad parasimpática, solo el grupo experimental mostró cambios significativos en la frecuencia cardiaca (C.V = 10,5%; p = 0,004; d = 1,28) y raíz cuadrada media de las diferencias sucesivas (C.V = 19,7%; p = 0,02; d = 1,16) en posición decúbito supino. Conclusión: Un entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad de alto volumen y corta duración prescrito en base a la actividad parasimpática puede ser un estímulo eficaz para mejorar la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en estudiantes universitarios físicamente activos.

Palabras clave: Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad; Consumo de oxígeno; Sistema Nervioso Autónomo; Estudiantes; Atletismo.

Abstract. Background: High-intensity interval training is traditionally prescribed using fixed values ​​that may be insufficient to generate homeostatic disturbances. Objective: To evaluate how a high-intensity interval training program, guided by parasympathetic activity, affects the cardiorespiratory capacity of physically active university students. Method: Controlled, parallel and randomized study with single blinding. 26 physically active university students were divided into a control group and an experimental group to undergo 4 weeks of high-intensity interval training. Cardiorespiratory capacity was estimated using the 3x1 Step Test and heart rate variability was determined using an orthostatic test Results: Both groups showed significant changes in peak VO2, with the experimental group showing greater improvement (C.V = 14%; p = 0.003; d = 1.16) compared to the control group (C.V = 11%; p = 0.01; d = 0.7). Regarding parasympathetic activity, only the experimental group showed significant changes in heart rate (C.V = 10.5%; p = 0.004; d = 1.28) and root mean square of successive differences (C.V = 19.7 %; p = 0.02; d = 1.16) in the supine position. Conclusion: A high-intensity, high-volume, short-duration interval training prescribed based on parasympathetic activity can be an effective stimulus to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in physically active university students.

Keywords: High-Intensity Interval Training; Oxygen Consumption; Autonomic Nervous System; Students; Track and Field.

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Publicado

2024-04-10

Cómo citar

Fuentes-Barría, H., Aguilera Eguia, R. ., & Polevoy, G. (2024). Entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad basado en la actividad parasimpática y su impacto sobre la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria de estudiantes universitarios. Ensayo Controlado Aleatorizado (High intensity interval training based on parasympathetic activity and its impact on the cardi-orespiratory capacity of university students. Randomized Controlled Trial). Retos, 55, 513–519. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105419

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