Análisis de la carga interna y externa en paracaidistas chilenos de élite durante una competencia (Analysis of internal and external load in elite Chilean skydivers during a competition)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108954Palabras clave:
Energy expenditure, heart rate monitoring, accelerometry, exercise nutrition physiologyResumen
En el paracaidismo, el monitoreo de la carga externa e interna es esencial para establecer las demandas de energía. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la carga interna y externa realizada por la selección nacional de paracaidismo de Chile durante un campeonato nacional. Se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal y descriptivo con la participación de seis paracaidistas chilenos de élite masculino (32,0 ± 3,2 años). La composición corporal se evaluó mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica (BIA); La carga interna se analizó a partir de la monitorización de la frecuencia cardíaca y la carga externa a partir de la acelerometría. Los resultados mostraron que los paracaidistas tenían una masa libre de grasa de 61,3 ± 4,5 kg (lo que representaba 80,1 ± 2,3%), mientras que la masa grasa era de 15,3 ± 2,5 kg (equivalente a 19,9 ± 2,3%). Su masa muscular medía 34,8 ± 2,8 kg (lo que representaba 45,5 ± 1,5%). Además, los paracaidistas realizaron entre 76,4 ± 13,1 minutos de actividad física moderada a vigorosa al día, con un recuento de pasos diarios de 11,040 ± 2.202. La frecuencia cardíaca promedio durante la competencia fue de 104.0 ± 14.0 lpm. En conclusión, la actividad física realizada por los paracaidistas durante la competencia se ubicó principalmente dentro del rango de intensidad ligera a moderada, lo que destaca el énfasis técnico del deporte por encima de sus exigencias físicas
Palabras clave: Gasto energético, monitorización de la frecuencia cardíaca, acelerometría, fisiología de la nutrición del ejercicio
Abstract. In skydiving, the monitoring of external and internal load is essential to establish energy demands. The objective of the study was to analyze the internal and external load performed by the Chilean national skydiving team during a national championship. A non- experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out with the participation of six Chilean elite male skydivers (32.0 ± 3.2 years). Body composition was assessed through electrical bioimpedance (BIA); the internal load was analyzed from heart rate monitoring, and the external load was evaluated from accelerometry. The results showed that the skydivers had a fat-free mass of 61.3 ± 4.5 kg (representing 80.1 ± 2.3%), while the fat mass was 15.3 ± 2.5 kg (equivalent to 19.9 ± 2.3%). Their muscle mass measured 34.8 ± 2.8 kg (accounting for 45.5 ± 1.5%). Additionally, the skydivers engaged in 76.4 ± 13.1 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day, with a daily step count of 11.040 ± 2,202. The average heart rate during the competition was 104.0 ± 14.0 bpm. In conclusion, the physical activity undertaken by the skydivers during the competition primarily fell within the light to moderate intensity range, highlighting the sport's technical emphasis over its physical demands
Keywords: Energy expenditure, heart rate monitoring, accelerometry, exercise nutrition physiology
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