El entrenamiento de resistencia de intensidad moderada tiene mayores efectos en la supresión de la se-creción de estrés oxidativo que el entrenamiento de fuerza en estudiantes obesos (Moderate-intensity endurance training has higher effects suppression of oxidative stress secretion than strength training in obese students)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.105307Palabras clave:
Endurance training, MDA levels, obesity, oxidative stress, strength trainingResumen
El objetivo de esta investigación es establecer el impacto del entrenamiento de resistencia de intensidad moderada y ejercicios de resistencia en la mitigación del estrés oxidativo en estudiantes con obesidad. La investigación involucró a una cohorte de 30 estudiantes mujeres, caracterizadas por obesidad, con edad promedio de 22,30±1,92 años y índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 31,77±2,72 kg/m2 en promedio. Estos participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente en tres grupos distintos: el grupo de control (CN, n=10), el grupo sometido a entrenamiento de resistencia (ET, n=10) y el grupo sometido a entrenamiento de fuerza (ST, n=10). . La intervención que implicó entrenamiento de resistencia se ejecutó a un nivel de intensidad del 60-70% FCmáx, y cada sesión de entrenamiento duró entre 40 y 60 minutos. Mientras que el régimen de entrenamiento de fuerza se implementó con una intensidad de carga de 60-70% 1RM, 4-6 series y 12-15 repeticiones para cada serie. La intervención se administró con una regularidad de tres veces por semana durante cuatro semanas. La recopilación de datos se llevó a cabo tomando muestras de sangre antes y 24 horas después de la última intervención; el análisis de los niveles de MDA utilizando la técnica TBAR sirvió como indicador de estrés oxidativo. La técnica empleada para el análisis de los datos fue la prueba ANOVA, luego se continuó con la prueba post hoc LSD con un nivel significativo (p≤0.05). Los resultados mostraron que los niveles promedio pre-MDA en CN, ET y ST fueron (31,07±5,97, 32,12±8,91 y 31,36±8,52 ng/mL) respectivamente p=0,953. Los niveles medios post-MDA en CN, ET y ST fueron (32,14±11,46, 15,21±8,01 y 22,02±7,33 ng/mL) respectivamente p=0,001. Los niveles medios de delta MDA en CN, ET y ST fueron (1,08±14,83, -16,91±9,68 y -9,34±7,51 ng/mL) respectivamente p=0,005. Los cambios promedio en los niveles de MDA en CN, ET y ST fueron (9,09±48,42, -51,71±24,77 y -27,85±25,31 %) respectivamente p=0,002. Nuestros hallazgos revelaron que tanto las intervenciones de entrenamiento de resistencia como de fuerza dieron como resultado una reducción del estrés oxidativo, como lo demuestra la disminución observada en los niveles de MDA después de las sesiones de entrenamiento. Sin embargo, la intervención de entrenamiento de resistencia tiene un mayor efecto en la supresión de la secreción de estrés oxidativo que el entrenamiento de fuerza en estudiantes obesos.
Palabras clave: Entrenamiento de resistencia, niveles de MDA, obesidad, estrés oxidativo, entrenamiento de fuerza.
Abstract. The objective of this research is to establish the impact of endurance training of moderate intensity and resistance exercises on the mitigation of oxidative stress in students with obesity. The research engaged a cohort of 30 female students, characterized by obesity, with an age average of 22.30±1.92 years and a Body Mass Index (BMI) averaging 31.77±2.72 kg/m2. These participants were randomly allocated into three distinct groups: the control group (CN, n=10), the group undergoing endurance training (ET, n=10), and the group subjected to strength training (ST, n=10). The intervention involving endurance training was executed at an intensity level of 60-70% HRmax, with each training session lasting between 40 to 60 minutes. Whereas, the strength training regimen was implemented with a load intensity of 60-70% 1RM, 4-6 sets, and 12-15 repetitions for each set. The intervention was administered with a regularity of three times per week for four weeks. Data collection was carried out by taking blood samples before and 24 hours after the last intervention—analysis of MDA levels utilizing the TBARs technique served as an indicator of oxidative stress. The technique employed for data analysis was the ANOVA test, then continued with the LSD post hoc test with a significant level (p≤0.05). The results showed that the average pre-MDA levels in CN, ET, and ST were (31.07±5.97, 32.12±8.91, and 31.36±8.52 ng/mL) respectively p=0.953. The mean post-MDA levels in CN, ET, and ST were (32.14±11.46, 15.21±8.01, and 22.02±7.33 ng/mL) respectively p=0.001. The mean delta MDA levels in CN, ET, and ST were (1.08±14.83, -16.91±9.68, and -9.34±7.51 ng/mL) respectively p=0.005. The average changes in MDA levels in CN, ET, and ST were (9.09±48.42, -51.71±24.77, and - 27.85±25.31 %) respectively p=0.002. Our findings revealed that both the endurance and strength training interventions resulted in a reduction of oxidative stress, as evidenced by the observed decrease in MDA levels following the training sessions. However, endurance training intervention has a higher effect on suppressing the secretion of oxidative stress than strength training in obese students.
Keywords: Endurance training, MDA levels, obesity, oxidative stress, strength training
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