El enfoque holístico y parcial en el entrenamiento de fútbol: integrando componentes físicos, técnicos, tácticos y mentales: una revisión sistemática (The Holistic and Partial Approach in Soccer Training: Integrating Physical, Technical, Tactical, and Mental Compo-nents: A Systematic Review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.102675Palabras clave:
soccer, holistic training, physical, technical, tactical, mentalResumen
Esta revisión sistemática se realizó para comprender el entrenamiento de fútbol holístico que integra componentes físicos, técnicos, tácticos y mentales en un modelo de entrenamiento. Se realizaron revisiones sistemáticas utilizando las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus y PubMed siguiendo las pautas PRISMA. Se buscaron artículos revisados entre 2021 y 2024. Se consideraron quince artículos elegibles para la revisión sistemática. La revisión encontró diez artículos que analizaban el impacto de los componentes físicos, tres artículos analizaban el impacto en los componentes técnicos y físicos, un artículo analizaba el impacto de los componentes físicos y mentales, y un artículo analizaba el impacto en todos los componentes. Los juegos reducidos (SSG) y el entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) fueron los modelos más investigados para los métodos de entrenamiento estudiados. El estudio concluye que el enfoque parcial centrado en lo físico es dominante frente al enfoque holístico. Aunque existe debate, ambos enfoques afectan favorablemente el desarrollo a largo plazo de los atletas. Entonces se necesita más investigación que aplique un enfoque holístico para aportar conocimientos sobre el entrenamiento de fútbol.
Palabras clave: fútbol, entrenamiento holístico, físico, técnico, táctico, mental.
Abstract. This systematic review was conducted to understand holistic soccer training that integrates physical, technical, tactical, and mental components in a training model. Systematic reviews were conducted using the Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed databases following the PRISMA guidelines. The reviewed articles were searched from 2021 to 2024. Fifteen articles were considered eligible for systematic review. The review found ten articles analyzing the impact of the physical component, three articles analyzing the impact on the technical and physical components, one article analyzing the impact of the physical and mental components, and one article analyzing the impact on all components. Small-sided games (SSG) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) were the most researched models for the studied training methods. The study concludes that the partial approach focusing on the physical is dominant compared to the holistic approach. Although debate exists, both approaches favorably affect the long-term development of athletes. Then further research is needed that applies a holistic approach to add insight into soccer coaching.
Key words: soccer, holistic training, physical, technical, tactical, mental.
Citas
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