El efecto de los ejercicios de lanzamiento de balón medicinal por encima de la cabeza con dos manos sobre la fuerza muscular extrema superior y el movimiento cinemático en el saque de banda de fútbol (The Effect of Two-Handed Overhead Medicine Ball Throwing Exercises on Upper Extreme Muscle Strength and Kinematic Movement in Soccer Throw-ins )
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.103178Palabras clave:
throws, medicine ball, muscle strength, movement kinematicsResumen
Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el efecto del entrenamiento con balón medicinal de dos corazones (THOMBT) sobre la fuerza muscular extrema superior y la cinemática del movimiento. Esta investigación utiliza un método experimental con un diseño pre-test y postest. El muestreo utilizó técnicas de muestreo aleatorio, luego los resultados del muestreo se dividieron en un grupo de control (CTRL) y un grupo experimental (THOMBT). Como pruebas de prerrequisito se utilizaron la prueba de Shapiro-Wilk y la prueba de Levene. Se utilizaron pruebas t pareadas y pruebas t de muestras independientes para comparar las mejoras grupales y entre grupos. La significación estadística se fijó en p < 0,05. Se utilizó el tamaño del efecto (ES) de Cohen para medir las diferencias grupales. Un total de 15 jugadores estaban en el grupo experimental con una edad de 16.20 ± 0.77 años, y otros 15 jugadores estaban en el grupo de control con una edad de 16.13 ± 0.83. Antes y después del período de prueba de cuatro semanas, se evaluó la fuerza de los músculos extremos superiores mediante flexiones, abdominales y pruebas cinemáticas que incluyeron pruebas de distancia de lanzamiento, velocidad angular del brazo y ángulo de liberación. Los resultados fueron que el grupo THOMBT mostró mejoras significativas en flexiones (p = 0.000, Δ% = 22.44), abdominales (p = 0.000, Δ% = 9.33), distancia de lanzamiento (p = 0.000, Δ % = 8.20) y velocidad angular del brazo (p = 0.000, Δ% = 14.98). Mientras tanto, el grupo CTRL no experimentó un aumento significativo. La conclusión fue que el entrenamiento THOMBT durante cuatro semanas fue efectivo para aumentar las capacidades de fuerza de las extremidades superiores y la cinemática del movimiento, pero no las variables del ángulo de liberación.
Palabras clave: lanzamientos, balón medicinal, fuerza muscular, cinemática del movimiento.
Abstract. This study aims to analyze the effect of two-handed overhead medicine ball (THOMBT) training on upper extremity muscle strength and kinematic movement. This research utilized an experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design. Sample collection used a random sampling technique. The sampling results were then divided into a control group (CTRL) and an experimental group (THOMBT). The Shapiro-Wilk test and Levene's test were used as prerequisite tests. Paired t-tests and independent sample t-tests were used to compare improvements within and between groups. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Cohen's effect size (ES) was used to measure group differences. A total of 15 players were in the experimental group with an average age of 16.20 ± 0.77 years, while 15 other players were in the control group with an average age of 16.13 ± 0.83. Before and after the four-week trial period, upper extremity muscle strength testing was conducted using push-ups, sit-ups, and kinematic movement tests, which included throwing distance, arm angular speed, and release angle tests. The result is the THOMBT group showed significant improvements in push-ups (p = .000, Δ% = 22.44), sit-ups (p = .000, Δ% = 9.33), distance throws (p = .000, Δ% = 8.20), and arm angular velocity (p = .000, Δ% = 14.98). Meanwhile, the CTRL group did not have a significant increase. The conclusion is that THOMBT training for four weeks is effective in increasing upper extremity strength ability and movement kinematics, but not variable angle of release.
Keywords: throws, medicine ball, muscle strength, kinematics movement.
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