El papel del entrenamiento combinado a largo plazo en la reducción y el mantenimiento de la grasa corporal en mujeres adultas jóvenes obesas (The role of long-term combination training in reducing and maintaining of body fat in obese young adult women)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.102460Palabras clave:
Body fat, combined training, obesity, sedentary, healthy lifestyleResumen
Reducir el peso corporal y la grasa corporal es el objetivo principal para superar la obesidad. Se recomiendan modificaciones del estilo de vida con un enfoque no farmacológico basado en ejercicio físico programado para aumentar el gasto energético y reducir el peso y la grasa corporal. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar diferentes tipos de ejercicios para reducir y mantener la grasa corporal en mujeres adultas jóvenes con obesidad. Este estudio fue un ensayo controlado aleatorio (ECA) con un diseño experimental validado científicamente. Se reclutó a un grupo de 28 mujeres sedentarias con sobrepeso y se les proporcionaron regímenes de ejercicio aeróbico, de fuerza y mixto. Los programas de entrenamiento aeróbico, de resistencia y combinado se realizaron con una intensidad de 60-70% FCmáx para aeróbico y 60-70% de 1RM para resistencia. Estas sesiones se realizaron 3 veces por semana durante 4 semanas. Medición de la grasa corporal antes de la intervención y 24 horas después de la intervención durante 4 semanas utilizando Seca mBCA 554. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba ANOVA unidireccional, con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Los hallazgos demostraron una reducción significativa de la grasa corporal mediante las tres formas de ejercicio, evidente en la disminución de los cambios en el índice de masa corporal, el peso corporal, la masa grasa y la masa grasa libre (p ≤ 0,05). Además, las tres modalidades de ejercicio condujeron a un aumento significativo en los cambios en la masa del músculo esquelético en comparación con el grupo de control (p ≤ 0,05). Los resultados de nuestro estudio concluyeron que el tipo combinado de ejercicio realizado 3 veces por semana durante 4 semanas fue más beneficioso para reducir la grasa corporal y aumentar la masa muscular en comparación con el ejercicio aeróbico y el ejercicio de resistencia en mujeres adultas jóvenes obesas.
Palabra clave: Grasa corporal, entrenamiento combinado, obesidad, sedentarismo, estilo de vida saludable
Abstract. Reducing body weight and body fat is the primary goal for overcoming obesity. Lifestyle modifications with a non-pharmacological approach based on programmed physical exercise are recommended for increasing energy expenditure and reducing body weight and body fat. This study aims to analyze different types of exercise in reducing and maintaining body fat in obese young adult women. This study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a true experimental design. A group of 28 sedentary overweight women were enlisted and provided with aerobic, strength, and mixed exercise regimens. Aerobic, resistance, and combined training programs were conducted with an intensity of 60-70% HRmax for aerobic, and 60-70% 1-RM for resistance. These sessions were performed 3x/week for 4 weeks. Measurement of body fat before-intervention and 24 hours after-intervention for 4 weeks using Seca mBCA 554. The one-way ANOVA test was utilized for statistical analysis, with a significance level of 5%. The findings demonstrated a significant reduction in body fat through all three forms of exercise, evident in the decrease in changes in body mass index, body weight, fat mass, and free fat mass (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, all three exercise modalities led to a significant increase in changes in skeletal muscle mass in comparison to the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Our study results concluded that the combination type of exercise performed 3x/week for 4 weeks was more beneficial in lowering body fat and increasing muscle mass compared to aerobic exercise and resistance type exercise in obese young adult women.
Keyword: Body fat, combined training, obesity, sedentary, healthy lifestyle
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