Análisis de las lesiones deportivas en jugadores de fútbol sub-16 y sub-18 integrados en academia (Analysis of sports injuries in academy integrated u-16 and u-18 football players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.104386Palabras clave:
Lesión, Categoría, Tejido afectado, Parte del cuerpo, Posición de juegoResumen
La problemática del análisis y las posibles causas de las lesiones en el fútbol continúa siendo un tema de extrema relevancia. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las lesiones de jugadores de fútbol sub-16 y sub-18, según la categoría y posición de juego. En este estudio ex post facto (metodología Cuasi-experimental) participaron 111 jugadores pertenecientes a los equipos Sub-16A (n=25), Sub-16B (n=24), Sub-18A (n=20), Sub-18B (n=22), y Sub-18C (n=20), juveniles de un equipo de fútbol profesional de la Primera División de la Liga Española de Fútbol. Se consideraron como variables independientes el número de lesiones, la parte del cuerpo de la lesión, el tejido afectado, el lado afectado, el tipo de incidencia y la ocurrencia de la lesión. Para medir la incidencia de lesiones se consideraron los informes médicos oficiales, realizados por un observador previamente entrenado en el registro de datos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables dependientes. Para analizar la relación entre las variables, se utilizaron el Chi-cuadrado, el coeficiente Phi de Cramer y los residuos tipificados corregidos. Se analizó la distribución de la muestra (Kolmogorov-Smirnov). Como la muestra presentaba una distribución no normal, se utilizaron las pruebas U de Mann-Whitney y H de Kruskal Wallis (software SPSS). Los resultados muestran que la sub-18A (X̅=2,55 lesiones/jugador), obtiene diferencias significativas con el resto de las categorías de edad (excepción sub-18C). La categoría no influye en la parte del cuerpo de la lesión, el lado y el tejido afectado, tipo de incidencia y ocurrencia de la lesión. El contexto influye en la parte del cuerpo de la lesión (p=0,000). Por el contrario, no hay diferencias significativas entre el lado afectado, el tejido afectado y el tipo de incidencia.
Palabras clave: Lesión, categoría, tejido afectado, parte corporal, posición de juego.
Abstract. The problematic of analysis and the possible causes of injuries in football continues to be a topic of extreme relevance. In this sense, the aim of this study was to analyze the injuries of U-16 and U-18 soccer players, according to the category and game position. In this ex post facto study (Quasi-experimental methodology) 111 players participated, belonging to the U-16A (n=25), U-16B (n=24), U-18A (n=20), U-18B (n=22), and U-18C (n=20), youth teams of a professional soccer team in the First Division of the Spanish Soccer League. Were considered as independent variables the number of injuries, the body part of the injury, affected tissue, affected side, type of incidence, and occurrence of the injury. To measure the incidence of injuries, official medical reports were considered, by an observer previously trained in recording data. A descriptive analysis of the dependent variables was carried out. To analyze the relationship between variables, Chi-square, Cramer's Phi Coefficient, and Corrected Standardized Residuals were used. The sample distribution was analyzed (Kolmogorov-Smirnov). As the sample presented a non-normal distribution, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis test were used (SPSS software). The results show the U-18A (X̅=2.55 injuries/player), obtaining significant differences with the rest of the age-categories (exception U-18C). The category does not influence the body part of the injury, the affected side and affected tissue, the type of incidence, and the occurrence of injury. The context influences the body part of injury (p=0.000). On the contrary, there are no significant differences between the affected side, the affected tissue, and the type of incidence.
Keywords: Injury; category; affected tissue; body part; game position.
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