Consecuencias del comportamiento sedentario en el bienestar psicosocial: un estudio cualitativo con personas mayores que viven en Portugal (Consequences of sedentary behavior on psychosocial well-being: a qualitative study with older adults living in Port
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.86299Palabras clave:
tiempo sentado, indicadores psicosociales, envejecimiento, investigación cualitativa., (sedentary time, psychosocial indicators, aging, qualitative research)Resumen
Las pruebas científicas sugieren que un comportamiento sedentario excesivo es un factor de riesgo para la salud física de las personas mayores, independientemente de sus niveles de actividad física. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre las consecuencias del comportamiento sedentario en varios indicadores psicosociales en la población de edad avanzada está todavía poco explorado. El objetivo del estudio era identificar y comprender las consecuencias del comportamiento sedentario en el bienestar psicosocial de las personas mayores residentes en Portugal. Catorce personas mayores de entre 65 y 73 años participaron en el estudio. Para describir a los participantes entrevistados, se utilizaron cuestionarios para estimar el tiempo medio diario dedicado a diferentes comportamientos sedentarios y el nivel habitual de actividad física. Además, los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y se analizaron según los procedimientos del análisis temático. Se identificó que las diferentes dimensiones del comportamiento sedentario (el tipo de comportamiento sedentario, la interrupción del comportamiento sedentario, el tiempo ininterrumpido sentado y la frecuencia) pueden tener una influencia en el bienestar psicosocial de las personas mayores. Además, se identificaron tres temas (percepción de mejora y mantenimiento de las funciones cognitivas, percepción de estados afectivos positivos y percepción de interacción social) asociados a la promoción del bienestar psicosocial en las personas mayores y dos temas (percepción de disminución de las relaciones sociales y percepción de síntomas de fatiga mental) que pueden contribuir a su deterioro. Los resultados de este estudio son útiles para comprender la experiencia de las personas mayores en relación con el comportamiento sedentario y sus implicaciones en las dimensiones cognitiva, emocional y social de sus vidas.
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