Digital entrepreneurship education and gamification: a mixed-methods study on intrinsic motivation and student engagement
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INTRODUCTION. The rapid advancement of technology and the evolution of the digital economy have emphasized the importance of learning systems in digital entrepreneurship education. This study explores the moderating effect of gamification on intrinsic motivation and student engagement within digital entrepreneurship education, aiming to address the gap in understanding how gamification influences student learning outcomes. METHODS. A se- quential explanatory mixed methods approach was employed. The quantitative phase involved 630 students, using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to examine the relationships between digital entrepreneurial education, intrinsic motivation, and student engagement. The qualitative phase involved 15 participants, where semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed through thematic analysis to provide deeper insights into the quantitative results. RESULTS. The quantitative analysis revealed a significant relationship between digital entrepreneurial education and both intrinsic motivation and student engagement. However, the moderating effect of gamification was found to be significantly weakened. The qualitative phase further indicated that gamification elements, such as extrinsic rewards, competition, and reduced autonomy, may undermine intrinsic motivation. DISCUSSION. The findings challenge the prevailing assumption that gamification inherently enhances motivation. While gamification can improve student engagement, it may inadvertently lower intrinsic motivation by over-relying on extrinsic rewards and competition. These results not only challenge the prevailing assumption that gamification inherently enhances motivation but also contribute to the theoretical understanding of gamification’s impact on intrinsic motivation and engagement. Practically, the findings suggest that educators should adopt a more balanced approach to gamification, carefully integrating extrinsic rewards and competition to better foster intrinsic motivation alongside student engagement.
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