Perception of professionalism among Latin American physicians in 2024: A multi-national survey

Authors

  • Raúl Emilio Real-Delor Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5288-5854
  • Alberto Guevara Tirado Universidad Científica del Sur. Facultad de Medicina Humana. Lima. Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7536-7884
  • Eduardo Enrique Chibas Muñoz Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo. Guantánamo. Cuba https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0719-1108
  • Ruth Stephany Benítez Penayo Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6092-8825
  • Bárbara Girhfietl Caje Román Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3032-8594
  • Jonatas De Oliveira Borba Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5081-7540
  • Lucio Fabián Duarte Irala Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay
  • Mirtha Sofía Fleitas Armoa Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6856-9965
  • Elena Cecilia Franco Cáceres Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6668-2573
  • Alberto Martins Junior Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8201-8154
  • Hugo Javier Peralta Echagüe Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay
  • María Selva Vega Tande Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3055-2340

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1112

Keywords:

Professionalism, Professional misconduct, Healthcare personnel, Surveys and questionnaires, Attitude of Health Personnel

Abstract

Background. Medical professionalism encompasses the values, attitudes, and behaviors that prioritize the service of patients and society. This study aimed to evaluate the perception of professionalism among Latin American physicians in 2024.

Methodology. We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study involving Latin American physicians from various specialties. A telematic survey was administered, which included sociodemographic variables (age, sex, country, specialty) and the modified Kwon et al. professionalism questionnaire, comprising 43 questions across seven dimensions.

Results. Four hundred and twenty-four physicians participated (median age of 40 years, 57.6% female, and 69.8% from clinical specialties) from Paraguay (72.9%), Peru (24.3%), and Cuba (2.8%). A threshold score of 1.223 out of 4 identified the lowest 40% in perceived professionalism. The lowest scoring indicators - reflecting less frequents behavior - were: I recommend illegal drugs for recreational use and I maintain inappropriate body contact during the physical examination. In contrast, the highest scoring (more frequent) were: I am late for work and I overlook colleagues' medical errors. Male physicians demonstrated significantly lower professionalism in three areas: Inappropriate body contact during physical examination, abusive treatment of other healthcare professionals, and discriminatory behavior toward colleagues or patients (adjusted effect).

Conclusions. Sixteen indicators show a significant association with professionalism self-perceived professionalism, with four showing notable differences by sex. Ongoing implementation of such assessment at different professional stages is recommended, along with educational strategies at the university level to reinforce the core values of medical professionalism.

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Raúl Emilio Real-Delor, Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay.

Medical Intern at the Faculty of Medical Sciences. Private University of the East. Asuncion, Paraguay

Alberto Guevara Tirado, Universidad Científica del Sur. Facultad de Medicina Humana. Lima. Perú

Medical Intern at the Faculty of Medical Sciences. Scientific University of the South. Lima. Perú

Eduardo Enrique Chibas Muñoz, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Guantánamo. Guantánamo. Cuba

Physician. Research professor at the Guantanamo University of Medical Sciences. Guantanamo, Cuba

Ruth Stephany Benítez Penayo, Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay

Medical Intern at the Faculty of Medical Sciences. Private University of the East. Asuncion, Paraguay

Bárbara Girhfietl Caje Román, Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay

Medical Intern at the Faculty of Medical Sciences. Private University of the East. Asuncion, Paraguay

Jonatas De Oliveira Borba, Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay

Medical Intern at the Faculty of Medical Sciences. Private University of the East. Asuncion, Paraguay

Lucio Fabián Duarte Irala, Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay

Medical Intern at the Faculty of Medical Sciences. Private University of the East. Asuncion, Paraguay

Mirtha Sofía Fleitas Armoa, Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay

Medical Intern at the Faculty of Medical Sciences. Private University of the East. Asuncion, Paraguay

Elena Cecilia Franco Cáceres, Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay

Medical Intern at the Faculty of Medical Sciences. Private University of the East. Asuncion, Paraguay

Alberto Martins Junior, Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay

Medical Intern at the Faculty of Medical Sciences. Private University of the East. Asuncion, Paraguay

Hugo Javier Peralta Echagüe, Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay

Medical Intern at the Faculty of Medical Sciences. Private University of the East. Asuncion, Paraguay

María Selva Vega Tande, Universidad Privada del Este. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Asunción. Paraguay

Medical Intern at the Faculty of Medical Sciences. Private University of the East. Asuncion, Paraguay

References

BENJAMIN IJ, VALENTINE CM, OETGEN WJ, SHEEHAN KA, BRINDIS RG, ROACH WH JR et al. 2020 American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Consensus Conference on professionalism and ethics: A consensus conference report. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021; 77(24): 3079-3133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.04.004

PONS JMV, ARGIMÓN JM. El profesionalismo médico. Med Clin 2020; 154(11): 459–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2020.01.002

WILKINSON TJ, WADE WB, KNOCK LD. Un blueprint para evaluar el profesionalismo. Acad Med 2009; 84(5): 551–558. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e31819fbaa2

WANG J, HE B, MIAO X, HUANG X, LU Y, CHEN J et al. The reliability and validity of a new professionalism assessment scale for young health care workers. Med 2017; 96(25): e7058. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000007058

PÉREZ J, ARAMBURU J, BOFILL-RÓDENAS AM, ELORDUY M, ESCRIBANO J, GIRVENT M et al. Propuesta para mejorar la formación en profesionalismo y en competencias transversales en los estudios de medicina de las universidades de Cataluña. FEM 2023; 26(2): 49-58. https://doi.org/10.33588/fem.262.1268

ROBERTS TE. Enseñar, aprender y evaluar el profesionalismo: el mayor reto de todos. FEM 2017; 20(2): 47-51. https://doi.org/10.33588/fem.202.884

HOSSEINIZADEH A, SHAKOUR M, AFSHAR L. The localization, development and validation of a survey instrument to assess attitudes toward professionalism based on the opinions of clinical teachers. BMC Med Educ 2022; 22(1): 902. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03987-3

SANABRIA Á, BUSTAMANTE E. Adaptación de la escala de Penn State College al idioma español para medición de profesionalismo en estudiantes de medicina. Biomédica 2014; 34(2): 291-299. https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v34i2.1807

ALFARIS E, IRFAN F, ALOSAIMI FD, SHAFFI AHAMED S, PONNAMPERUMA G, AHMED AMA et al. Does professionalism change with different sociodemographic variables? A survey of Arab medical residents. Ann Med 2022; 54(1): 2191-2203. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2022.2105390

DABEKAUSSEN KFAA, SCHEEPERS RA, HEINEMAN E, HABER AL, LOMBARTS KMJMH, JAARSMA DADC et al. Health care professionals’ perceptions of unprofessional behaviour in the clinical workplace. PLoS One 2023; 18(1): e0280444. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280444

GRAVEL JW. Professionalism in an era of corporate medicine: Addressing microlapses and promoting microacts as a new model. Fam Med 2021; 53(7): 535-539. https://doi.org/10.22454/FamMed.2021.965952

GURAYA SS, GURAYA SY, YUSOFF MSB. Preserving professional identities, behaviors, and values in digital professionalism using social networking sites; a systematic review. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21(1): 381. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02802-9

GURAYA SS, GURAYA SY, RASHID-DOUBELL F, FREDERICKS S, HARKIN DW, BIN MAT NOR MZ et al. Reclaiming the concept of professionalism in the digital context: a principle-based concept analysis. Ann Med 2024; 56(1): 2398202. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2398202

SATTAR K, ROFF S, MEO SA. Your professionalism is not my professionalism: congruence and variance in the views of medical students and faculty about professionalism. BMC Med Educ 2016; 16(1): 285. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0807-x

MINICUCI N, GIORATO C, ROCCO I, LLOYD-SHERLOCK P, AVRUSCIO G, CARDIN F. Survey of doctors’ perception of professional values. PLoS One 2020; 15(12): e0244303. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244303

KWON HJ, LEE YM, LEE YH, CHANG HJ. Development an instrument assessing residents’ attitude towards professionalism lapses in training. Korean J Med Educ 2017; 29(2): 81-91. https://doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2017.55

GUTTORMSEN S, GOGOLLARI A, HUYNH-DO U, SCHAUFELBERGER M, HUWENDIEK S, KUNZ A et al. Developing an instrument to evaluate undergraduate healthcare students’ professionalism. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2022; 111(15): 863-870. https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003934

NAH S, HAN S, PARK K, KIM C, NOH H, EO E. Medical professionalism among emergency physicians in South Korea: a survey of perceptions and experiences of unprofessional behavior. Clin Exp Emerg Med 2022; 9(1): 54-62 https://doi.org/10.15441/ceem.21.133

EHMANN MR, MURANO T, SULLIVAN C, EGAN DJ, NAZARIO S, REGAN L. Remediation methods 2.0 for professionalism and interpersonal and communication skills milestones: An update. J Gr Med Educ 2024; 16(2): 128-132. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-23-00536.1

REAL DELOR R, AYALA SAUCEDO A. Maltrato a residentes de medicina del Paraguay en 2022: Estudio multicéntrico. Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba 2023; 80(2): 327-333. http://dx.doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v80.n2.40440

RUIZ DE GAUNA P, MORÁN-BARRIOS JM. Guía del tutor para planificar y gestionar la formación de los residentes. Educación Médica 2022; 23: 100713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edumed.2022.100713

HEATH JK, CLANCY CB, DINE CJ, PLUTA WJS, KOGAN JR. Analysis of professionalism themes raised in evaluations of faculty. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5(7): e2221613. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.21613

ROSENBERG AR, JAGSI R, MARRON JM. Picture a professional: Rethinking expectations of medical professionalism through the lens of diversity, equity, and inclusion. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39(36): 4004-4008. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.21.01500

ALEXIS DA, KEARNEY MD, WILLIAMS JC, XU C, HIGGINBOTHAM EJ, AYSOLA J. Assessment of perceptions of professionalism among faculty, trainees, staff, and students in a large university-based health system. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3(11): e2021452. https://doi.org/1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.21452

NAGLER A, ANDOLSEK K, RUDD M, SLOANE R, MUSICK D, BASNIGHT L. The professionalism disconnect: Do entering residents identify yet participate in unprofessional behaviors? BMC Med Educ 2014; 14(1): 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-14-60

REYES H. Problemas éticos en las publicaciones científicas. Rev Med Chile 2018; 146(3): 373-378. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872018000300373

Keshmiri F, Raadabadi M. Perception and engagement in unprofessional behaviors of medical students and residents: a mixed-method study. BMC Prim Care 2023; 24(1): 191. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-023-02153-y

BENAGLIO C, MATURANA A, MORTARI L, RIQUELME A. Profesionalismo y auto cuidado de los residentes, ¿cómo debemos enfocar su formación? Andes Pediatr 2021; 92(4): 503-510. https://doi.org/10.32641/andespediatr.v92i4.3985

PRIETO-MIRANDA SE, JIMÉNEZ-BERNARDINO CA, MONJARAZ-GUZMÁN EG, ESPARZA-PÉREZ RI. Profesionalismo en médicos de un hospital de segundo nivel. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2017; 55(2): 264-272. http://revistamedica.imss.gob.mx/editorial/index.php/revista_medica/article/view/1384/1987

Published

2025-04-25

How to Cite

1.
Real-Delor RE, Guevara Tirado A, Chibas Muñoz EE, Benítez Penayo RS, Caje Román BG, De Oliveira Borba J, et al. Perception of professionalism among Latin American physicians in 2024: A multi-national survey. An Sist Sanit Navar [Internet]. 2025 Apr. 25 [cited 2026 Feb. 11];48(1):e1112. Available from: https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/ASSN/article/view/111113

Issue

Section

Research articles

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.