Lecciones aprendidas de la reciente pandemia de COVID-19 sobre las necesidades globales de salud en la infancia: Un estudio transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1097Palabras clave:
Niño en edad prescolar, COVID-19, Promoción de la salud, Encuestas y cuestionarios, Evaluación de necesidadesResumen
Fundamento. Este estudio transversal tiene como objetivo evaluar las necesidades globales de salud de la población infantil de 2 a 6 años y determinar si las características sociodemográficas producen diferencias en las necesidades de salud de los niños observadas después de la pandemia de COVID-19.
Métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en tres regiones del norte de España con ingresos similares. Los participantes se seleccionaron mediante muestreo cluster de un paso. El cuestionario auto respondido por los padres Necesidades de salud de la Población Infantil evaluó las necesidades de salud mediante siete dimensiones y 125 ítems.
Resultados. Un total de 301 progenitores/cuidadores completaron el cuestionario. Las dimensiones autoeficacia parental, asesoramiento profesional, aspectos socioemocionales del niño e influencia situacional alcanzaron las puntuaciones más altas, mientras que aspectos socioemocionales de los padres, estilo de vida, promoción de estilos de vida saludables e influencia de personas significativas recibieron las puntuaciones más bajas (mayores necesidades). Las necesidades relacionadas con el estilo de vida se vieron afectadas por la falta de acceso a profesionales de la salud y con mayor intensidad cuando los niños tenían una discapacidad.
Conclusiones. El resultado de este estudio podría enriquecer la planificación de estrategias, programas e intervenciones para promover la salud infantil, cubriendo las necesidades identificadas.
Descargas
Citas
National Research Council, & Institute of Medicine. (2004). Children’s health, the nation’s wealth: Assessing and improving child health. National Academies Press. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10886/childrens-health-the-nations-wealth-assessing-and-improving-child-health
DAELMANS B, MANJI SA, RAINA N. Nurturing care for early childhood development: Global perspective and guidance. Indian Pediatr 2021; 58(S1): 11-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13312-021-2349-5
BHATTACHARYYA H, AGARWALLA R, KHANDELWAL A. Impact of COVID-19 on child health and healthcare services. Med J Armed Forces India 2022; 78(1): 3-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2021.10.006
SANTOS CARRASCO IM, HERNÁNDEZ GARCÍA MS, PARRILLA ESCOBAR MA, MONGIL LÓPEZ B, GONZÁLEZ COLLANTES R, GEIJO URIBE S. Confinamiento y salud mental: análisis del impacto en una muestra de 194 pacientes de psiquiatría del niño y del adolescente. Psiquiatr Biol 2021; 28(2): 100317. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.psiq.2021.100317
COSTA P, CRUZ AC, ALVES A, RODRIGUES MC, FERGUSON R. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young children and their caregivers. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48(6): 1001-1007. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12980
DI GIORGIO E, DI RISO D, MIONI G, CELLINI N. The interplay between mothers’ and children behavioral and psychological factors during COVID-19: an Italian study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30(9): 1401-1412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01631-3
WONG RS, TUNG KTS, RAO N, CHAN KL, FU K-W, YAM JC et al. Using latent class analyses to examine health disparities among young children in socially disadvantaged families during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19(13): 7893. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137893
World Health Organization. Health promotion. The 1st International Conference on Health Promotion, Ottawa, 1986. https://www.who.int/teams/health-promotion/enhanced-wellbeing/first-global-conference
LIAO CH, BERCEA S. Success factors of health promotion: Evaluation by DEMATEL and M-DEMATEL methods - A case study in a non-profit organization. PLoS One 2021; 16(12): e0260801. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260801
MORENO CÁMARA S, PALOMINO MORAL PA, FRÍAS OSUNA A, DEL PINO CASADO R. En torno al concepto de necesidad. Index Enferm 2015; 24(4): 236-239. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1132-12962015000300010
BRONFENBRENNER U, MORRIS PA. The bioecological model of human development. En: Damon EW, Lerner RM, editores. Handbook of Child Psychology. Wiley, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0114
National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. Committee on integrating the science of early childhood development. En: Shonkoff JP, Phillips DA,editores. From neurons to neighborhood: The science of early childhood development. National Academies Press, 2000. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9824/from-neurons-to-neighborhoods-the-science-of-early-childhood-development
DUAN L, SHAO X, WANG Y, HUANG Y, MIAO J, YANG X et al. An investigation of mental health status of children and adolescents in China during the outbreak of COVID-19. J Affect Disord 2020; 275: 112-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.029
PROULX K, LENZI-WEISBECKER R, HATCH R, HACKETT K, OMOEVA C, CAVALLERA V et al. Responsive caregiving, opportunities for early learning, and children’s safety and security during COVID-19: A rapid review. MedRxiv 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.10.21251507
SINGH S, ROY D, SINHA K, PARVEEN S, SHARMA G, JOSHI G. Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293: 113429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113429
YEASMIN S, BANIK R, HOSSAIN S, HOSSAIN MN, MAHUMUD R, SALMA N et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. Child Youth Serv Rev 2020; 117: 105277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105277
PATRICK SW, HENKHAUS LE, ZICKAFOOSE JS, LOVELL K, HALVORSON A, LOCH S et al. Well-being of parents and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national survey. Pediatrics 2020; 146(4): e2020016824. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-016824
HAWKINS MD. Investigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric body mass index, and health status in an inner-city, low-income setting. J Pediatr Health Care 2023; 37(2): 193-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2022.09.007
NOGUEIRA-DE-ALMEIDA CA, DEL CIAMPO LA, FERRAZ IS, DEL CIAMPO IRL, CONTINI AA, UED F DA V. COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: A clinical review. J Pediatr 2020; 96(5): 546-558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.07.001
PUMAR-MÉNDEZ MJ, LOZANO-OCHOA C, MUJIKA A, BERMEJO-MARTINS E, CARRASCO JM, TRICAS-SAURAS S et al. A reliable and valid parent self-report tool to assess children’s global health needs. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 56: e35-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.07.008
ALAMINOS A, ALAMINOS-FERNÁNDEZ P. Histéresis y resiliencia en la vida cotidiana postpandemia en España. Rev Int Sociol 2024; 82(2): e250. https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2024.82.2.22-095
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Encuesta de condiciones de vida. Renta por hogar por Comunidades Autónomas 2020. https://ine.es/prensa/ecv_2020.pdf
Ley Orgánica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos Personales y garantía de los derechos digitales. Boletín oficial del Estado 294, de 6 de diciembre de 2018. https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/2018/12/05/3/con
MORAWSKA A, SULTAN A. Parental attitudes towards seeking professional help for their children: A community sample from the sultanate of Oman. J Child Fam Stud 2016; 25(3): 979-987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0257-9
NUTBEAM D, LLOYD JE. Understanding and responding to health literacy as a social determinant of health. Annu Rev Public Health 2021; 42(1): 159-173. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102529
GOLDFELD S, O’CONNOR E, SUNG V, ROBERTS G, WAKE M, WEST S et al. Potential indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on children: a narrative review using a community child health lens. Med J Aust 2022; 216(7): 364-372. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.51368
COHODES EM, MCCAULEY S, GEE DG. Parental buffering of stress in the time of COVID-19: Family-level factors may moderate the association between pandemic-related stress and youth symptomatology. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49(7): 935-948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00732-6
CARROLL N, SADOWSKI A, LAILA A, HRUSKA V, NIXON M, MA DWL et al. The impact of COVID-19 on health behavior, stress, financial and food security among middle to high income Canadian families with young children. Nutrients 2020; 12(8): 2352. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082352
GASSMAN-PINES A, ANANAT EO, FITZ-HENLEY J 2ND. COVID-19 and parent-child psychological well-being. Pediatrics 2020; 146(4): e2020007294. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-007294
CHEN E, BRODY GH, MILLER GE. Childhood close family relationships and health. Am Psychol 2017; 72(6): 555-566. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000067
FANG Y, BOELENS M, WINDHORST DA, RAAT H, VAN GRIEKEN A. Factors associated with parenting self-efficacy: A systematic review. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77(6): 2641-2661. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14767
Weyers S, Rigó M. Child health and development in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic: Are there social inequalities? Eur J Ped 2023; 182(3): 1173-1181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-022-04799-9
GUTIÉRREZ-GONZÁLEZ E, SÁNCHEZ ARENAS F, LÓPEZ-SOBALER AM, ANDREU IVORRA B, ROLLÁN GORDO A, GARCÍA-SOLANO M. Desigualdades socioeconómicas y de género en la obesidad infantil en España. An Pediatr 2023; 99(2):111-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2023.05.013
GÓMEZ SF, RIBES C, TRIBALDOS M, RÓDENAS J. Nivel socioeconómico y estilos de vida de la población infantil y adolescente en España. Barcelona: Gasol Foundation Europa, 2024.
https://www.infocop.es/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/GF-PASOS-2024-informe-socioeconomico2.pdf
GRIFFITH AK, BEDARD KE, EATON A, ACKERLUND BRANDT JA, JHA P. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on parental burnout and parenting practices: Analyses using a retrospective pretest. Chronic Stress 2022; 6: 24705470221114059. https://doi.org/10.1177/24705470221114059
GIRALDO CP, SANTELICES MP, OYARCE D, CHALCO EF, ESCOBAR MJ. Children’s age matters: Parental burnout in Chilean families during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13: 946705. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.946705
KERR ML, RASMUSSEN HF, FANNING KA, BRAATEN SM. Parenting during COVID-19: A study of parents’ experiences across gender and income levels. Fam Relat 2021; 70(5): 1327-1342. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12571
GARCÍA ROMÁN J. Convergencia de género en el uso del tiempo en el País Vasco. Un análisis a partir de 25 años de la Encuesta de Presupuestos del Tiempo (1993-2018). Rev Int Sociol 2024; 82(2): e249. https://doi.org/10.3989/ris.2024.82.22-086
O’SULLIVAN K, ROCK N, BURKE L, BOYLE N, JOKSIMOVIC N, FOLEY H et al. Gender differences in the psychosocial functioning of parents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychol 2022; 13: 846238. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.846238
Bloomfield L, Kendall S. Parenting self-efficacy, parenting stress and child behaviour before and after a parenting programme. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2012; 13(4): 364-372. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1463423612000060
MORELAND-RUSSELL S, JABBARI J, FERRIS D, ROLL S. At home and on the brink: U.S. parents’ mental health during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19(9): 5586. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095586
KANTER JB, WILLIAMS DT, RAUER AJ. Strengthening lower-income families: Lessons learned from policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Fam Process 2021; 60(4): 1389–1402. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12716
KELLEY HH, LEE Y, LEBARON-BLACK A, DOLLAHITE DC, JAMES S, MARKS LD et al. Change in financial stress and relational wellbeing during COVID-19: Exacerbating and alleviating influences. J Fam Econ Issues 2023; 44(1): 34-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-022-09822-7
RODRIGUES M, SILVA R, FRANCO M. COVID-19: Financial stress and well-being in families. J Fam Issues 2023; 44(5): 1254-1275. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513x211057009
SIMONSE O, VAN DIJK WW, VAN DILLEN LF, VAN DIJK E. The role of financial stress in mental health changes during COVID-19. Npj Ment Health Res 2022; 1(1): 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44184-022-00016-5
ARUFE-GIRÁLDEZ V, SANMIGUEL-RODRÍGUEZ A, ZAGALAZ-SÁNCHEZ ML, CACHÓN-ZAGALAZ J, GONZÁLEZ-VALERO G. Sleep, physical activity and screens in 0-4 years Spanish children during the COVID-19 pandemic: Were the WHO recommendations met? J Hum Sport Exerc 2020; 17(3): 484-503. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.173.02
KHERA G, CHANDRIKA YELISETTY R, SPENCE GM, ALAHBABI WDMH, DADZIE VB. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of preschoolers: A parental guide. Heliyon 2023; 9(4): e14332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14332
FORTIN-BÉDARD N, LADRY N-J, ROUTHIER F, LETTRE J, BOUCHARD D, OUELLET B et al. Being a parent of children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic: Multi-method study of health, social life, and occupational situation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20(4): 3110. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043110
HLATSHWAKO TG, SHAH SJ, KOSANA P, ADEBAYO E, HENDRIKS J, LARSSON EC et al. Online health survey research during COVID-19. Lancet Digit Health 2021; 3(2): e76-e77. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00002-9
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
La revista Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra es publicada por el Departamento de Salud del Gobierno de Navarra (España), quien conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright ) sobre el artículo publicado y favorece y permite la difusión del mismo bajo licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0). Esta licencia permite copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente el artículo, siempre que siempre que se cite la autoría y la publicación inicial en Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra, y se distinga la existencia de esta licencia de uso.
Datos de los fondos
-
Departamento de Salud, Gobierno de Navarra
Números de la subvención Resolution 460E/202
