Identificación de barreras y facilitadores para la (des)prescripción de benzodiacepinas: un estudio cualitativo con pacientes y profesionales sanitarios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1005Palabras clave:
Prescripción de fármacos, Benzodiacepinas, Atención Primaria, Investigación CualitativaResumen
Fundamento. La tendencia en la prescripción de benzodiacepinas ha crecido en la última década. España está entre los países donde este tipo de fármacos es el más prescrito por profesionales en Atención Primaria. El propósito de este estudio es identificar factores que podrían estar actuando como barreras y facilitadores en la (des)prescripción de benzodiacepinas desde la perspectiva de pacientes y profesionales sanitarios.
Material y métodos. Estudio cualitativo a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con profesionales sanitarios (n=17) y pacientes (n=27), y un grupo nominal con profesionales sanitarios (n=19). Las entrevistas fueron transcritas y analizadas utilizando un análisis temático.
Resultados. El análisis reveló temas claves organizados como barreras y facilitadores conectados a tres dimensiones interrelacionadas: el contexto comunitario y social de la prescripción; la estructura, organización y/o gestión del sistema sanitaria, y la relación médico-paciente. La excesiva carga laboral de los profesionales fue ampliamente citada como influyente en la prescripción excesiva. Acciones como promover la prescripción social de activos en salud o desarrollar estrategias para facilitar la alianza terapéutica y mejorar la comunicación médico-paciente, fueron vistos como facilitadores.
Conclusiones. Los hallazgos sugieren el rol que el enfoque salutogénico y el modelo de activos en salud pueden jugar en el desarrollo de una atención clínica centrada en la persona. El estudio considera la importancia de promover métodos y técnicas de intervenvión no farmacológicos, la promoción de equipos multidisciplinares y la formación en habilidades psicosociales.
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