Dolor musculoesquelético y calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en estudiantes universitarios españoles de ciencias de la salud
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1115Palabras clave:
Calidad de Vida, Estudiantes, Salud Mental, Dolor Crónico, Sensibilización del Sistema Nervioso CentralResumen
Fundamento. Los estudiantes universitarios no están exentos de problemas de salud. El objetivo es analizar la prevalencia de dolor musculoesquelético, sensibilización central, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y factores relacionados en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud.
Metodología. Estudio transversal en estudiantes españoles de ciencias de la salud mediante cuestionarios anónimos y autoadministrados, incluyendo características sociodemográficas, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (SF-12), frecuencia y localización de dolor musculoesquelético (Cuestionario Musculoesquelético Nórdico, Escala Numérica de Valoración del Dolor) y puntuación del Inventario de Sensibilización Central (CSI). Las variables relacionadas con el componente físico y mental (PCS y MCS) se determinaron mediante regresión lineal múltiple.
Resultados. Respondieron 338 estudiantes, 76,3% mujeres. El dolor musculoesquelético fue muy prevalente, particularmente en espalda (p.ej., 59% refirió dolor cervical en el último mes), más frecuente en mujeres. La media de PCS fue superior a la de la población adulta española (54,6 vs. 55,9; p=0,02), en ambos sexos, mientras que el MCS fue inferior a la media poblacional (36,7 vs. 42,8; p<0,001), incluso tras compararlo con las puntuaciones poblacionales estandarizadas de igual edad y sexo. Ser mujer, tener discapacidad, dolor musculoesquelético crónico y CSI≥40 se relacionaron con peor salud física, y la puntuación de CSI con peor salud mental.
Conclusiones. Los estudiantes informaron alta prevalencia de dolor musculoesquelético y un deterioro significativo de su salud mental, con la sensibilización central asociada a peor salud. Las mujeres tienen peor salud mental y mayor prevalencia, intensidad y cronificación del dolor musculoesquelético.
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