La participación ciudadana en salud. Revisión de revisiones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.0172Palabras clave:
Participación ciudadana. Participación del paciente. Política sanitaria. Revisión de la literatura.Resumen
Fundamento. El objetivo de este estudio es sintetizar el conocimiento sobre el papel de la participación ciudadana en la definición, priorización, racionalización, supervisión o control de políticas, planes, gobernanza, inversión/desinversión, o diseño de servicios de salud.
Material y métodos. Revisión de trabajos de revisión (narrativa o sistemática) sobre participación ciudadana indexados hasta agosto de 2016 en PubMed.
Resultados. Se identificaron cuarenta y dos revisiones (dieciocho sistemáticas y veinticuatro narrativas). La participación tuvo un alcance provincial/regional o estatal. Los aspectos tratados abarcaron: qué es participación ciudadana, qué beneficios se esperan, quiénes participan, cómo y hasta qué punto y con qué resultados. El impacto de la participación apenas ha sido estudiado.
Conclusiones. Existe moderada evidencia de que la participación ciudadana legitima las decisiones de las autoridades sanitarias y de que mejora los resultados de las políticas públicas. Existe consenso en cómo aplicar las técnicas de participación, pero es necesario ahondar en la medida de su impacto.
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