Asociación de la agilidad con la composición corporal y fuerza muscular explosiva de los miembros inferiores en mujeres jóvenes tenistas (Association of agility with body composition and lower-extremity explosive muscle strength in young female tennis players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.98081Palabras clave:
fuerza muscular, composición corporal, agilidad, mujeres, adolescentes, tenisResumen
La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre indicadores de agilidad con la composición corporal y la fuerza muscular explosiva de los miembros inferiores en mujeres jóvenes tenistas. El estudio fue de tipo observacional, transversal, correlacional, y con características descriptivas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 22 jóvenes tenistas chilenas (15.3±0.7 años), seleccionadas en un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se midieron variables antropométricas de peso, estatura, pliegues cutáneos (tríceps, muslo anterior y pierna medial) y perímetros (brazo, muslo y pierna). Se calcularon la masa músculo esquelética (MME) y el porcentaje de grasa corporal (GC). Además, se aplicaron pruebas de rendimiento físico; test 505 con arranque estacionario (505), test modificado de agilidad (MAT), salto horizontal a pies juntos (SH), salto con contramovimiento (CMJ) y Abalakov (ABK). Los resultados mostraron que las pruebas de agilidad (MAT y 505) se asocian mejor con el SH, test 505 (R2= 34% p˂0.01) y test MAT (R2= 22%; p˂0.05), además, por cada centímetro de aumento del SH disminuye el tiempo de ejecución en ambas pruebas de agilidad (β= − 0.02 s). En cambio, la MME, GC, CMJ y ABK, no muestran relaciones significativas con la agilidad (p>0.05). Se concluye que la agilidad muestra una mejor asociación con la prueba de SH en tenistas jóvenes chilenas, por lo que las pruebas de agilidad (test 505 y MAT) podrían ser un método específico de evaluación en tenistas mujeres.
Palabras clave: fuerza muscular; composición corporal; agilidad; mujeres; adolescentes; tenis.
Abstract. The objective of the research was to analyze the relationship between agility indicators with body composition and lower-extremity explosive muscle strength in young female tennis players. The study was observational, cross-sectional, correlational, and with descriptive characteristics. The sample consisted of 22 young Chilean tennis players (15.3±0.7 years old), selected in a non-probabilistic sampling for convenience. Anthropometric variables of weight, height, skin folds (triceps brachial, anterior thigh, and medial leg) and perimeters (arm, thigh, and leg) were measured. Body fat percentage (GC) and skeletal muscle mass (MME) were calculated. In addition, physical performance tests were applied; 505 with stationary start test (505), modified agility test (MAT), horizontal jump (SH), countermovement jump (CMJ) and Abalakov jump (ABK). The results showed that the agility tests (MAT and 505 tests) are better associated with the SH, 505 test (R2= 34% p˂0.01) and MAT test (R2= 22%; p˂0.05), in addition, for each centimeter of increase in the SH there is a decrease in the execution time of both agility tests (β=−0.02 s). On the other hand, the MME, GC, CMJ and ABK, do not show significant relationships with agility (p>0.05). It is concluded that agility shows a better association with the SH test in young Chilean tennis players, so that agility tests (505 and MAT) could be a specific method of evaluation in female tennis players.
Key words: muscle strength; body composition; agility; women; young boys; tennis.
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