Insatisfacción corporal y los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en estudiantes de una universidad privada: Un estudio correlacional (Body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in students of a private university: A correlational study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.110168Palabras clave:
insatisfacción corporal, imagen corporal, trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, estudiantes universitarios, percepción corporalResumen
La insatisfacción corporal es un fenómeno creciente entre los estudiantes universitarios, influenciada por factores sociales, psicológicos y culturales, y caracterizado por la discrepancia entre la imagen corporal percibida y el ideal corporal deseado. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar si existe relación entre la insatisfacción corporal y los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en una muestra de estudiantes de una universidad privada peruana. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental y de tipo correlacional de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 306 estudiantes de ambos sexos a quienes se les administró el Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14) y el Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), instrumentos con adecuadas propiedades métricas. Para determinar si existía una relación significativa entre las variables de estudio se aplicó el coeficiente de correlación Rho de Spearman. Los resultados preliminares indicaron que los estudiantes experimentaban un nivel de insatisfacción corporal leve y no mostraban un riesgo de desarrollar trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Además, se determinó que el coeficiente de correlación Rho de Spearman entre ambas variables fue de 0.602 y el p-valor fue inferior al nivel de significancia (p < 0.01). Finalmente, se concluyó que existe una relación directa y significativa entre la insatisfacción corporal y los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en una muestra de estudiantes de una universidad privada peruana. Por ello, se recomienda implementar programas de prevención en las universidades que promuevan una imagen corporal positiva y la educación sobre los riesgos de los trastornos alimentarios.
Palabras clave: insatisfacción corporal, imagen corporal, trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, estudiantes universitarios, percepción corporal.
Abstract. Body dissatisfaction is a growing phenomenon among university students, influenced by social, psychological, and cultural factors, and characterized by the discrepancy between perceived body image and the desired body ideal. The objective of this research was to determine whether there is a relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in a sample of students from a private university in Peru. A quantitative study was conducted with a non-experimental, cross-sectional correlational design. The sample consisted of 306 students of both sexes who were administered the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), instruments with adequate metric properties. To determine whether a significant relationship existed between the study variables, the Spearman Rho correlation coefficient was applied. Preliminary results indicated that students experienced a mild level of body dissatisfaction and did not show a significant risk of developing eating disorders. Additionally, it was determined that the Spearman Rho correlation coefficient between the two variables was 0.602, and the p-value was below the significance level (p < 0.01). Finally, it was concluded that there is a direct and significant relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in a sample of students from a private university in Peru. Therefore, it is recommended to implement prevention programs in universities that promote a positive body image and educate about the risks of eating disorders.
Keywords: Body dissatisfaction, body image, eating disorders, university students, body perception.
Citas
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