¿Cuál es la relación entre socioeconomía y actividad física? Revisión bibliográfica (What is the relationship between socioeconomics and physical activity? Literature review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.109628Palabras clave:
socioeconomic status, physical activity, sport, social inequalityResumen
La relación entre el estatus socioeconómico (SES) y la actividad física (AF) se ha convertido en un área de investigación cada vez más prominente. Sin embargo, la investigación que explora específicamente esta relación, especialmente en los países en desarrollo, es limitada. Esta revisión bibliográfica pretende identificar y analizar los factores socioeconómicos que influyen en la participación en la actividad física. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en las bases de datos ScienceDirect y PubMed, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA para garantizar la fiabilidad y exactitud de los datos. La estrategia de búsqueda implicó el uso de combinaciones de palabras clave como: (“socioeconomía O estatus socioeconómico” Y “actividad física O actividad deportiva” Y “deporte Y desigualdad social”). La búsqueda inicial arrojó 3.786 publicaciones, que se redujeron a 10 artículos tras aplicar criterios de exclusión. La revisión reveló que las personas con un nivel socioeconómico más alto suelen tener mejor acceso a instalaciones deportivas y es más probable que participen en actividades físicas organizadas. Por el contrario, las personas con un nivel socioeconómico más bajo se enfrentan a barreras como las limitaciones económicas, el acceso limitado a las instalaciones y la falta de tiempo libre. Además, la pandemia de COVID-19 ha exacerbado la brecha socioeconómica en la participación deportiva, especialmente en los países en desarrollo. En conclusión, para abordar las disparidades en la participación en la actividad física se requiere un enfoque multidimensional, que incluya intervenciones en las políticas públicas, un mejor acceso a las instalaciones deportivas y la educación de la comunidad. Esta revisión subraya la necesidad de una estrategia más inclusiva para promover la actividad física y garantizar beneficios equitativos para la salud en todos los grupos socioeconómicos.
Palabras clave: estatus socioeconómico, actividad física, deporte, desigualdad social
Abstract. The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical activity (PA) has become an increasingly prominent area of research. However, research specifically exploring this relationship, especially in developing countries, is limited. This literature review seeks to identify and analyze the socioeconomic factors that influence participation in physical activity. A comprehensive search was conducted using the ScienceDirect and PubMed databases, adhering to PRISMA guidelines to ensure data reliability and accuracy. The search strategy involved the use of keyword combinations such as: ("socioeconomics OR socioeconomic status" AND "physical activity OR sport activity" AND "sport AND social inequality"). The initial search yielded 3,786 publications, which were narrowed down to 10 articles after applying exclusion criteria. The review revealed that individuals with higher SES typically have better access to sports facilities and are more likely to engage in organized physical activities. Conversely, those from lower SES backgrounds face barriers such as financial constraints, limited access to facilities, and less free time. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the socioeconomic divide in sports participation, particularly in developing countries. In conclusion, addressing disparities in physical activity participation requires a multidimensional approach, including public policy interventions, improved access to sports facilities, and community education. This review underscores the need for a more inclusive strategy to promote physical activity and ensure equitable health benefits across all socioeconomic groups.
Keywords: socioeconomic status, physical activity, sport, social inequality
Citas
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