What is the relationship between socioeconomics and physical activity? Literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.109628Keywords:
socioeconomic status, physical activity, sport, social inequalityAbstract
The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and physical activity (PA) has become an increasingly prominent area of research. However, research specifically exploring this relationship, especially in developing countries, is limited. This literature review seeks to identify and analyze the socioeconomic factors that influence participation in physical activity. A comprehensive search was conducted using the ScienceDirect and PubMed databases, adhering to PRISMA guidelines to ensure data reliability and accuracy. The search strategy involved the use of keyword combinations such as: ("socioeconomics OR socioeconomic status" AND "physical activity OR sport activity" AND "sport AND social inequality"). The initial search yielded 3,786 publications, which were narrowed down to 10 articles after applying exclusion criteria. The review revealed that individuals with higher SES typically have better access to sports facilities and are more likely to engage in organized physical activities. Conversely, those from lower SES backgrounds face barriers such as financial constraints, limited access to facilities, and less free time. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the socioeconomic divide in sports participation, particularly in developing countries. In conclusion, addressing disparities in physical activity participation requires a multidimensional approach, including public policy interventions, improved access to sports facilities, and community education. This review underscores the need for a more inclusive strategy to promote physical activity and ensure equitable health benefits across all socioeconomic groups.
Keywords: socioeconomic status, physical activity, sport, social inequality
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