Ejercicio para la salud en la vejez: Revisión exhaustiva de los beneficios y la eficacia de las interven-ciones (Exercise for health in old age: Comprehensive review examining the benefits and efficacy of interven-tions)
Ej
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.103771Palabras clave:
Sports health, sports benefits, physical activity, older age, active lifestyleResumen
Las personas mayores constituyen un grupo de edad cada vez más numeroso y forman parte integrante de la sociedad moderna. El proceso de envejecimiento conlleva importantes desafíos para la salud y, por lo tanto, el ejercicio tiene un papel importante que desempeñar en el mantenimiento de la calidad de vida y el bienestar de los adultos mayores. El objetivo de esta revisión es explorar el papel del ejercicio físico saludable en los adultos mayores, incluidos sus beneficios, los tipos apropiados de actividades y los factores que influyen en la participación en el ejercicio físico en este grupo etario. El ejercicio para la salud entre los adultos mayores fue el tema de esta revisión sistemática, que se centró en los beneficios y la efectividad de las intervenciones. Este estudio realizó una búsqueda por palabras clave ("actividad de ejercicio de los ancianos" OR "actividad física para los ancianos" AND "beneficios del ejercicio en los ancianos" OR "efectos del ejercicio en los ancianos" AND "efectividad de las intervenciones sanitarias" OR "salud física de los ancianos" AND "intervención sanitaria de ejercicio" OR "forma física en la vejez") en bases de datos (ScienceDi-rect: 1.2011 y PubMed 1.039) siguiendo las líneas guía de los Preferred Report-ing Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) para identificar artículos que abordaran los beneficios y la efectividad de las intervenciones de salud con ejercicio en ancianos. Siguiendo los criterios de exclusión, se categorizaron un total de 15 artículos relevantes. La revisión presentó los beneficios del ejercicio para la salud en adultos mayores. La revisión presentó los beneficios del ejercicio físico para la salud en adultos mayores. En el primer grupo, se demostró que un programa de ejercicio de intensidad moderada a alta de 12 semanas mejoraba varios aspectos de la salud física y cognitiva en los adultos mayores. Entre ellos se incluía el aumento de la masa corporal, la capacidad funcional, la fuerza muscular y la reducción del riesgo de enfermedades relacionadas con la edad. El segundo grupo destacó los beneficios del ejercicio a través de actividades deportivas específicas, con mejora del sueño, disminución de la percepción del dolor y protección frente a la ansiedad ante la muerte. Además, este grupo también demostró la eficacia de diversas terapias de ejercicio para favorecer un envejecimiento saludable. El tercer grupo, la implementación de la actividad física y el estilo de vida demostró ser eficaz para aumentar los niveles de actividad física entre los adultos mayores y ayudar a prevenir el deterioro de la función física. Esta revisión destaca la importancia del ejercicio físico para mejorar la salud y el bienestar de los adultos mayores. Los resultados pueden servir de base para diseñar intervenciones más eficaces en apoyo de estilos de vida activos y saludables entre los adultos mayores. Esta estrategia integral pretende mejorar el bienestar general de la población de edad avanzada, fomentando una mejor calidad de vida y mitiEn gando el impacto de las dolencias relacionadas con la edad. Como tal, requiere un enfoque que tenga en cuenta las necesidades y limitaciones individuales. Más allá de sus ventajas para la salud, el ejercicio tiene importantes implicaciones sociales. La práctica de actividad física facilita la interacción social de las personas mayores, ayudándolas a mantener vínculos con su comunidad, amigos y familia, abordando así el problema del aislamiento social. En este contexto, la implicación de la familia, los profesionales sanitarios y la comunidad desempeña un papel fundamental a la hora de apoyar la participación de las personas mayores en actividades físicas. La educación, la asistencia y la creación de un entorno propicio para el ejercicio son medidas cruciales para garantizar una calidad de vida óptima a la población de edad avanzada.
Palabras clave: Salud deportiva, beneficios del deporte, actividad física, edad avanzada, estilo de vida activo.
Abstract. The elderly are a growing age group and an integral part of modern society. The aging process brings significant health challenges, and therefore, exercise has an important role to play in maintaining the quality of life and well-being of older adults. This review aims to explore the role of health exercise in older adults, including its benefits, appropriate types of activities, and factors that influence exercise participation in this age group. Health exercise among older adults was the subject of this systematic review, focusing on the benefits and effectiveness of interventions. This study conducted a keyword search ("exercise activity of the elderly" OR "physical activity for the elderly" AND "benefits of exercise in the elderly" OR "effects of exercise in the elderly" AND "effectiveness of health interventions" OR "physical health of the elderly" AND "exercise health intervention" OR "fitness in old age") on databases (ScienceDirect: 1,2011 and PubMed 1,039) following the Preferred Report-ing Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify articles that addressed the benefits and effectiveness of exercise health interventions in the elderly. Following the exclusion criteria, a total of 15 relevant articles were categorized. The review presented the benefits of health exercise in older adults. In the first group, a 12-week moderate-to-high intensity exercise program was shown to improve various aspects of physical and cognitive health in older adults. These included increases in body mass, functional capacity, muscle strength and reduced risk of age-related diseases. The second group highlighted the benefits of exercise through specific sporting activities, with improved sleep, decreased pain perception and protection from death anxiety. In addition, this group also demonstrated the effectiveness of various exercise therapies in supporting healthy aging. In the third group, the implementation of physical activity and lifestyle was shown to be effective in increasing physical activity levels among older adults and helping to prevent decline in physical function. This review highlights the importance of health exercise in improving the health and well-being of older adults. The findings can serve as a foundation for designing more effective interventions to support active and healthy lifestyles among older adults. This comprehensive strategy aims to enhance the overall well-being of the elderly population, fostering a better quality of life and mitigating the impact of age-related ailments. As such, it necessitates an approach that takes into account individual requirements and constraints. Beyond its health advantages, exercise holds significant social implications. Engaging in physical activity facilitates social interaction for older adults, helping them sustain connections with their community, friends, and family, thereby addressing the prevalent issue of social isolation. In this context, the involvement of family, healthcare professionals, and the community plays a pivotal role in supporting the elderly's participation in physical activities. Providing education, assistance, and cultivating a conducive environment for exercise are crucial measures to ensure an optimal quality of life for the elderly demographic.
Keywords: Sports health, sports benefits, physical activity, older age, active lifestyle
Citas
Andersen, M. H., Ottesen, L., & Thing, L. F. (2019). The social and psychological health outcomes of team sport participation in adults: An integrative review of research. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 47(8), 832–850. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494818791405
Apriandi, D., Salacup, V. L. D., Butali, R. A., Cadiente, D. S. A., Ardian, R., Septianto, I., & Azrina, J. (2023). Pulse rate during running 5 laps: comparative study before and after dehydration? Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 1(3), 101-1–8. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v1i3.73047
Athaya, H., Dewantara, J., Husein, M., Taiar, R., Malek, N. F. A., & Shukla, M. (2023). Analysis of physical fitness in students: a comparative study based on social status. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 1(3), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v1i3.66542
Babaei Bonab, S., & Parvaneh, M. (2022). The effect of twelve weeks of tai chi exercises on sleep quality, pain perception, and death anxiety in elderly women. Annales Médico-Psychologiques, Revue Psychiatrique, 180(9), 905–911. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2022.01.019
Budui, S., Bigolin, F., Giordano, F., Leoni, S., Berteotti, M., Sartori, E., Franceschini, L., Taddei, M., Salvetti, S., Castiglioni, F., Gilli, F., Skafidas, S., Schena, F., Petroni, M. L., & Busetto, L. (2019). Effects of an Intensive Inpatient Rehabilitation Program in Elderly Patients with Obesity. Obesity Facts, 12(2), 199–210. https://doi.org/10.1159/000497461
Chen, B., Chen, Y., Shin, S., Jie, C., Chang, Z., Ding, H., & Yang, H. (2023). Effect of a moderate-intensity comprehensive exercise program on body composition, muscle strength, and physical performance in elderly females with sarcopenia. Heliyon, 9(8), e18951. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18951
Cheng, S. J., Yu, H. K., Chen, Y. C., Chen, C. Y., Lien, W. C., Yang, P. Y., & Hu, G. C. (2013). Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease among older adults. International Journal of Gerontology, 7(3), 133–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijge.2013.03.001
Edna Mayela, D. L. V.-C., Miriam, L.-T., Ana Isabel, G.-G., Oscar, R.-C., & Alejandra, C.-A. (2023). Effectiveness of an online multicomponent physical exercise intervention on the physical performance of community-dwelling older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Geriatric Nursing, 54, 83–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.08.018
Galle, S. A., Deijen, J. B., Milders, M. V., De Greef, M. H. G., Scherder, E. J. A., van Duijn, C. M., & Drent, M. L. (2023). The effects of a moderate physical activity intervention on physical fitness and cognition in healthy elderly with low levels of physical activity: a randomized controlled trial. Alzheimer’s Research and Therapy, 15(12). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-022-01123-3
Getty, A. K., Wisdo, T. R., Chavis, L. N., Derella, C. C., McLaughlin, K. C., Perez, A. N., DiCiurcio, W. T., Corbin, M., & Feairheller, D. L. (2018). Effects of circuit exercise training on vascular health and blood pressure. Preventive Medicine Reports, 10, 106–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.02.010
Gomez-Bruton, A., Navarrete-Villanueva, D., Pérez-Gómez, J., Vila-Maldonado, S., Gesteiro, E., Gusi, N., Villa-Vicente, J. G., Espino, L., Gonzalez-Gross, M., Casajus, J. A., Ara, I., Gomez-Cabello, A., & Vicente-Rodríguez, G. (2020). The effects of Age, Organized Physical Activity and Sedentarism on Fitness in Older Adults: An 8-Year Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124312
Gunawan, D., Custodio, J. M., Suniga, J. P. C., Laoan, M. I., & Stojmenović, D. (2023). Impact of Pocari and Mineral drinks on pulse rate after running 1200 meters with a 5-minute rest interval. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 1(3), 86–93. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v1i3.73045
Hardinata, R., B, P. S., Okilanda, A., Tjahyanto, T., Prabowo, T. A., Rozi, M. F., Suganda, M. A., & Suryadi, D. (2023). Analysis of the physical condition of soccer athletes through the yo-yo test: a survey study on preparation for the provincial sports week. Retos, 50, 1091–1097. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.100300
Harianto, E., Gustian, U., Supriatna, E., Shalaby, M. N., & Taiar, R. (2023). Stimulating game performance skills in students: experimental studies using net games. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 1(2), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v1i2.65009
Hooshmand-Moghadam, B., Eskandari, M., Golestani, F., Rezae, S., Mahmoudi, N., & Gaeini, A. A. (2020). The effect of 12-week resistance exercise training on serum levels of cellular aging process parameters in elderly men. Experimental Gerontology, 141, 111090. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2020.111090
Joo, H.-Y., Park, J.-Y., & Rhyu, H.-S. (2019). Effects of the senior welfare center exercise program on body shape, physical fitness level, and cardiovascular health-related factors in old man from Korean rural areas. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 15(2), 282–286. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1938072.036
König, R., & Isengard, B. (2023). Coping With Covid‐19: Older Europeans and the Challenges of Connectedness and Loneliness. Social Inclusion. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v11i1.6072
Köroğlu, F., Ersöz Hüseyinsinoğlu, B., Uzun, N., Kurtaran, M., Vural Şenyurt, M., & Şeker Abanoz, E. (2023). A Comparison between Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Physical Activity Levels of Elderly İndividuals Residing in the City Center and Rural, and Analyzing Their Relationship with Depression. Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, 1, 260–269. https://doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.1092493
Lambrinoudaki, I., Ceasu, I., Depypere, H., Erel, T., Rees, M., Schenck-Gustafsson, K., Simoncini, T., Tremollieres, F., Van Der Schouw, Y. T., & Pérez-López, F. R. (2013). EMAS position statement: Diet and health in midlife and beyond. Maturitas, 74(1), 99–04. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.10.019
Leirós-Rodríguez, R., Soto-Rodríguez, A., Pérez-Ribao, I., & García-Soidán, J. L. (2018). Comparisons of the Health Benefits of Strength Training, Aqua-Fitness, and Aerobic Exercise for the Elderly. Rehabilitation Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5230971
Logue, D., Madigan, S. M., Delahunt, E., Heinen, M., Donnell, S.-J. M., & Corish, C. A. (2018). Low Energy Availability in Athletes: A Review of Prevalence, Dietary Patterns, Physiological Health, and Sports Performance. Sports Medicine, 48, 73–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0790-3
Mahesvi, H., Sukarmin, Y., Suhartini, B., & Graha, A. S. (2023). Effectiveness of massage therapy injury sports methods ali satia graha: experimental study against chronic ankle. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 1(2), 56–62. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v1i2.65216
Malm, C., Jakobsson, J., & Isaksson, A. (2019). Physical Activity and Sports—Real Health Benefits: A Review with Insight into the Public Health of Sweden. Physical Activity and Human Health, 7(5), 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7050127
Marcos-Pardo, P. J., Orquin-Castrillón, F. J., Gea-García, G. M., Menayo-Antúnez, R., González-Gálvez, N., Vale, R. G. de S., & Martínez-Rodríguez, A. (2019). Effects of a moderate-to-high intensity resistance circuit training on fat mass, functional capacity, muscular strength, and quality of life in elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 7830. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44329-6
Mascaró, C. M., Bouzas, C., Montemayor, S., Casares, M., Llompart, I., Ugarriza, L., Borràs, P.-A., Martínez, J. A., & Tur, J. A. (2022). Effect of a Six-Month Lifestyle Intervention on the Physical Activity and Fitness Status of Adults with NAFLD and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients, 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091813
Mashud, M., Arifin, S., Warni, H., Samodra, Y. T. J., Yosika, G. F., Basuki, S., Suryadi, D., & Suyudi, I. (2024). Physical Fitness: Effects of active lifestyle internalization through physical literacy awarenes based project. Retos, 51, 1299–1308. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101662
Mohamed Shaffril, H. A., Samah, A. A., Samsuddin, S. F., & Ali, Z. (2019). Mirror-mirror on the wall, what climate change adaptation strategies are practiced by the Asian’s fishermen of all? In Journal of Cleaner Production (pp. 232, 104–117). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.262
Nystoriak, M. A., & Bhatnagar, A. (2018). Cardiovascular Effects and Benefits of Exercise. In Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (pp. 5; 135). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2018.00135
Oakman, J., Kinsman, N., Stuckey, R., Graham, M., & Weale, V. (2020). A rapid review of mental and physical health effects of working at home: how do we optimise health? BMC Public Health, 20, 1825. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09875-z
Purnomo, M. I., Roldan, P. J. B., Cabarles, J. P. A., Quinto, J. M. B., & Garcia-Jimenez, J. V. (2023). The balance before and after dehydration: an experiment to see the difference. Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research, 1(3), 94–100. https://doi.org/10.26418/tajor.v1i3.73049
Rodriguez-Ayllon, M., Cadenas-Sánchez, C., Estévez-López, F., Muñoz, N. E., Mora-Gonzalez, J., Migueles, J. H., Molina-García, P., Henriksson, H., Mena-Molina, A., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., Catena, A., Löf, M., Erickson, K. I., Lubans, D. R., Ortega, F. B., & Esteban-Cornejo, I. (2019). Role of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in the Mental Health of Preschoolers, Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 49, 1383–1410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01099-5
Rodziewicz-Flis, E. A., Kawa, M., Skrobot, W. R., Flis, D. J., Wilczyńska, D., Szaro-Truchan, M., Bolek-Adamek, J., & Kaczor, J. J. (2022). The positive impact of 12 weeks of dance and balance training on the circulating amyloid precursor protein and serotonin concentration as well as physical and cognitive abilities in elderly women. Experimental Gerontology, 162, 111746. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2022.111746
Rubiyatno, Perdana, R. P., Fallo, I. S., Arifin, Z., Nusri, A., Suryadi, D., Suganda, M. A., & Fauziah, E. (2023). Analysis of differences in physical fitness levels of extracurricular futsal students: Survey studies on urban and rural environments. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 27(3), 208–214. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2023.0304
Samodra, T. J. (2021). 100% Intensity of Training on Body Weight Fluctuations Before and After Exercise. Jurnal Maenpo : Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan Dan Rekreasi, 11(1), 98–111. https://doi.org/10.35194/jm.v11i1.1235
Samodra, Y. T. J., Suryadi, D., Wati, I. D. P., Supriatna, E., Santika, I. G. P. N. A., Suganda, M. A., & Dewi, P. C. P. (2023). Analysis of gross motoric analysis of elementary school students: A comparative study of students in hill and coastal areas. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports, 27(2), 139–145. https://doi.org/0.15561/26649837.2023.0206
Schmidt, L. I., Jansen, C.-P., Depenbusch, J., Gabrian, M., Sieverding, M., & Wahl, H.-W. (2022). Using wearables to promote physical activity in old age : Feasibility, benefits, and user friendliness. Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und Geriatrie, 55(5), 388–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-022-02083-x
Sebri, V., Savioni, L., Triberti, S., Mazzocco, K., & Pravettoni, G. (2019). How to Train Your Health: Sports as a Resource to Improve Cognitive Abilities in Cancer Patients. Front. Psychol, 10, 2096. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02096
Sepúlveda-Loyola, W., Rodríguez-Sánchez, I., Pérez-Rodríguez, P., Ganz, F., Torralba, R., Oliveira, D. V., & Rodríguez-Mañas, L. (2020). Impact of Social Isolation Due to COVID-19 on Health in Older People: Mental and Physical Effects and Recommendations. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 24, 938–947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1500-7
Shin, S. (2021). Meta-analysis of the effect of yoga practice on physical fitness in the elderly. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11623. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111663
Sia, T., Connors, K. A., & Morgan, P. (2023). Physical Activity in People With Motor Neuron Disease: Validity of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly as a Measuring Tool. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 104(1), 102–107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2022.09.007
Song, D., & Yu, D. S. F. (2019). Effects of a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programme on the cognitive function and quality of life of community-dwelling elderly people with mild cognitive impairment: A randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 93, 97–105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.02.019
Stathi, A., Greaves, C. J., Thompson, J. L., Withall, J., Ladlow, P., Taylor, G., Medina-Lara, A., Snowsill, T., Gray, S., Green, C., Johansen-Berg, H., Sexton, C. E., Bilzon, J. L. J., deKoning, J., Bollen, J. C., Moorlock, S. J., Western, M. J., Demnitz, N., Seager, P., … Fox, K. R. (2022). Effect of a physical activity and behaviour maintenance programme on functional mobility decline in older adults: the REACT (Retirement in Action) randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Public Health, 7(4), e316–e326. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00004-4
Sumantri, R. J., Soegiyanto, Rumini, Setyawati, H., Suryadi, D., & Suganda, M. A. (2023). PNF stretching and static stretching exercises: Efforts to increase the flexibility of the hamstring muscles in futsal players. Fizjoterapia Polska, 23(2), 96–103. https://doi.org/10.56984/8ZG0DF55B
Supriatna, E., Suryadi, D., Haetam, M., & Yosika, G. F. (2023). Analysis of the Endurance Profile (Vo2max) of Women’s Volleyball Athletes: Yo-yo intermittent test level 1. Indonesian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science (IJPESS), 3(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.52188/ijpess.v3i1.369
Suryadi, D., Komaini, A., Suganda, M. A., Rubiyatno, R., Faridah, E., Fauzan, L. A., Fauziah, E., Putra, M. E., & Ayubi, N. (2024). Sports Health in Older Age: Prevalence and Risk Factors - Systematic Review. Retos, 53, 390–399. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v53.102654
Suryadi, D., Nasrulloh, A., Yanti, N., Ramli, R., Fauzan, L. A., Kushartanti, B. W., Sumaryanti, S., Suhartini, B., Budayati, E. S., Arovah, N. I., Mashud, M., Suganda, M. A., Sumaryanto, S., Sutapa, P., Abdullah, N. M. bin, & Fauziah, E. (2024). Stimulation of motor skills through game models in early childhood and elementary school students: systematic review in Indonesia. Retos, 51, 1255–1261. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.101743
Suryadi, D., Suganda, M. A., Sacko, M., Samodra, Y. T. J., Rubiyatno, R., Supriatna, E., Wati, I. D. P., & Okilanda, A. (2023). Comparative Analysis of Soccer and Futsal Extracurriculars: A Survey Study of Physical Fitness Profiles. Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research, 2(1), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.56003/pessr.v2i1.182
Suryadi, D., Yanti, N., Ramli, Tjahyanto, T., & Rianto, L. (2023). Yo-Yo Intermitten Recovery Test: A study of football players’ VO2max physical condition. Journal Sport Area, 8(2), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2023.vol8(2).12392
Welford, P., Östh, J., Hoy, S., Diwan, V., & Hallgren, M. (2022). Effects of yoga and aerobic exercise on wellbeing in physically inactive older adults: Randomized controlled trial (FitForAge). Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 66, 102815. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102815
Winding, K. M., Munch, G. W., Iepsen, U. W., Van Hall, G., Pedersen, B. K., & Mortensen, S. P. (2018). The effect on glycaemic control of low-volume high-intensity interval training versus endurance training in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13198
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Retos
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
