Efectos del método de puntuación en el desempeño físico, técnico y táctico durante los juegos de fútbol en espacios reducidos (SSGs): una revisión sistemática (Effects of scoring method on the physical, technical, and tactical performances during football small-sided games (SSGs): A systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.98459Palabras clave:
futbol, juegos reducidos, porteriaResumen
El fútbol se caracteriza por ser un deporte de invasión que implica dos equipos con el objetivo de marcar un gol para triunfar. Objetivo: analizar el método de puntuación en el desempeño físico, técnico y táctico durante los juegos de fútbol en espacios reducidos (SSGs). Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática basada en las recomendaciones PRISMA en tres bases de datos (Medline (Pubmed), Scopus y Web of Science) utilizando los términos ("juegos reducidos" [Título/Resumen]) Y ("fútbol" [Título/Resumen]) O ("fútbol" [Título/Resumen])]) y ("puntuación" [Título/Resumen]). Se incluyeron estudios transversales que analizaron la cantidad de SSGs, el posicionamiento y el tamaño del objetivo. Resultados: Se seleccionaron inicialmente un total de 825 artículos basados en la búsqueda establecida. De estos, 120 se excluyeron automáticamente como duplicados y se identificaron manualmente otros 65 como duplicados adicionales. Durante la fase de lectura de títulos y resúmenes, se excluyeron 618 artículos. Posteriormente, durante la fase de lectura completa, se excluyeron 10 artículos más. Sin embargo, se insertaron manualmente 4 artículos de la base de datos de Google Scholar debido a su relevancia temática. Como resultado, se incluyeron un total de 12 estudios en esta revisión. Conclusión: el número de goles en la zona de puntuación (SZ) en SSGs parece influir en la carga de entrenamiento. Los SSGs con 1 gol y SZ reducida requieren un mayor esfuerzo físico en comparación con los SSGs con 2 goles (2G) y 3 goles (3G). Los SSGs con más goles requieren un mayor rendimiento táctico. Por lo tanto, los entrenadores deben utilizar los diferentes formatos de los SSGs, SZ o estrategias de puntuación según el objetivo de la sesión de entrenamiento.
Palabras clave: fútbol, deportes de equipo, método de puntuación, entrenamiento.
Abstract. Football is characterized by an invasion sport that involves two teams aiming to score a goal to triumph. Objective: to analyze of scoring method on the physical, technical, and tactical performances during football small-sided games (SSGs). Methods: A systematic review was performed based on PRISMA recommendations in three databases (Medline (Pubmed), Scopus, and Web of Science) using the terms ("small sided games" [Title/Abstract]) AND ("soccer" [Title/Abstract]) OR ("football" [Title/Abstract]) AND ("scoring" [Title/Abstract]). Cross-sectional studies that analyzed SSGs quantity, positioning, and target size were included. Results: A total of 825 articles were initially screened based on the established search. Out of these, 120 were automatically excluded as duplicates and an additional of 65 were manually identified as duplicate. During the title and abstract reading phase, 618 were excluded. Subsequently, during the complete reading phase, 10 more articles were excluded. Still, 4 articles were manually inserted from Google Scholar database due to their theme relevance. As result, a total of 12 studies were included in this review. Conclusion: the number of targets (T) and the scoring zone (SZ) in SSGs seems to influence the training load. SSGs with 1 goal-scoring (1G) and SZ in the end of the field demand more physical effort when compared to 2 goal-scoring (2G) and 3 goal-scoring (3G). SSGs with more T require higher tactical performance. Thus, coaches must use the different formats of the SSGs, SZ or goal-scoring (G) strategies according to the objective of the training session.
Keywords: soccer, team sports, score method, coaching.
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