Respuesta de biomarcadores en deportistas de fútbol profesionales después de los partidos: una revisión sistemática (Biomarker response in professional football athletes after matches: a systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.107323Palabras clave:
: football; biomarkers; internal load; sports; athletesResumen
Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar estudios que investigaron los marcadores bioquímicos séricos utilizados para medir la carga interna en partidos de fútbol. Método: La revisión siguió las recomendaciones propuestas para las revisiones sistemáticas PRISMA. La revisión bibliográfica se realizó hasta mayo de 2023. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos SPORTDiscus, Scopus, MedLine (vía PubMed), Lilacs (vía VHL) y Web of Science para encontrar estudios que analicen biomarcadores después de partidos de fútbol con deportistas masculinos profesionales, donde se extrajeron los siguientes datos: autor/año, tamaño de la muestra, nivel competitivo, características de la muestra, exposición, biomarcadores analizados y resultados. La calidad metodológica fue evaluada por Critical Herramienta del Programa de Evaluación de Habilidades (CASP). Resultados: Se incluyeron en la revisión quince artículos de un total de 1.402 identificados en la búsqueda. Estos artículos fueron publicados entre 2008 y 2022 e involucraron una muestra total de 287 deportistas de fútbol a nivel regional, nacional e internacional. En cuanto a los análisis bioquímicos, se estudiaron 50 biomarcadores diferentes, entre los que la creatina quinasa fue el biomarcador más utilizado en los estudios, junto con la lactato deshidrogenasa y la aspartato aminotransferasa. Conclusión: Los resultados indican que los juegos de fútbol impactan varios biomarcadores, incluidos aquellos relacionados con el daño muscular, la respuesta hematológica, las variaciones hormonales, la función inmune y el estrés oxidativo. La creatina quinasa fue el biomarcador más utilizado por su mayor asociación con la carga que impone el juego para evaluar el daño muscular.
Palabras clave: fútbol; marcadores biológicos; marcadores de carga; seguimiento de jugadores; inflamación
Abstract. Purpose: The objective of this systematic review was to analyze studies that investigated serum biochemical markers used to measure internal load in football matches. Method: The review followed the recommendations proposed for PRISMA systematic reviews. The bibliographic review was carried out until May 2023. Searches were carried out in the SPORTDiscus, Scopus, MedLine (via PubMed), Lilacs (via VHL) and Web of Science databases to find studies that analyze biomarkers after football matches with athletes male professionals, where the following data were extracted: author/year, sample size, competitive level, sample characteristics, exposure, analyzed biomarkers and results. The methodological quality was assessed by the Critical Assessment Skills Program (CASP) Tool. Results: Fifteen articles were included in the review out of 1,402 identified in the search. These articles were published between 2008 and 2022 and involved a total sample of 287 football athletes at regional, national, and international levels. Regarding biochemical analyses, 50 different biomarkers were studied, among which creatine kinase was the biomarker most used in studies, along with lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. Conclusion: The results indicate that football games impact several biomarkers, including those related to muscle damage, hematological response, hormonal variations, immune function, and oxidative stress. Creatine kinase was the most used biomarker due to its greater association with the load imposed by the game in assess muscle damage.
Keywords: soccer; biological markers; load markers; player monitoring; inflammation
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