¿Es el entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) un método viable para mejorar los parámetros antropomórficos y cardiometabólicos en niños en edad preescolar? (Is High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) a feasible method for improving anthropomorphic and cardiometabolic parameters in preschool children?)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.107878Palabras clave:
Niños pre-escolares, HIIT, Riesgo Cardiometabólico, ObesidadResumen
Antecedentes: El entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad (HIIT) ha demostrado ser un método eficaz para mejorar la condición física y reducir el riesgo de obesidad en adultos. Sin embargo, estos efectos no se han estudiado en la población preescolar. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad a largo plazo sobre variables antropomométricas y cardiometabólicas en niños preescolares con sobrepeso y obesidad. Métodos: Participaron en el estudio un total de 349 (164 niños y 185 niñas) niños en edad preescolar (edad: 4,38 ± 0,62 años). Todos los participantes completaron una intervención de 28 semanas basada en HIIT (2 sesiones/semana), realizada durante las clases de educación física en sus escuelas. Se midieron variables antropométricas (índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de la cintura, grasa corporal, ∑4 pliegues cutáneos), variables cardiometabólicas (presión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca en reposo, aptitud cardiorrespiratoria) y riesgo cardiometabólico. Resultados: Después del programa de intervención, se encontraron diferencias significativas en ∑4 pliegues cutáneos, grasa corporal, presión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca en reposo y aptitud cardiorrespiratoria. Conclusión: El programa de entrenamiento HIIT de 28 semanas puede reducir el riesgo cardiometabólico y mejorar la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en niños preescolares con sobrepeso y obesidad independientemente del sexo.
Palabras clave: Niños preescolares; HIIT; Riesgo Cardiometabólico; Obesidad
Abstract. Background: High Intensity Interval Training has showed to be an effective method to improve physical fitness and reduce the risk of obesity in adults. However, these effects have not been studied in the preschool population. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a long-term High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) program on anthropomorphic and cardiometabolic variables in preschool children with overweight and obesity. Methods: A total of 349 (164 boys and 185 girls) preschool children (age: 4.38 ± 0.62 years) participated in the study. All the participants completed a 28-week intervention based on HIIT (2 sessions/week), carried out during physical education classes at their schools. Anthropomorphic variables (body mass index, waist circumference, body fat, ∑4 skinfold fat), cardiometabolic variables (blood pressure, resting heart rate, cardiorespiratory fitness), and cardiometabolic risk were measured. Results: After intervention program, significant differences were found in ∑4 skinfold fat, body fat, blood pressure, resting heart rate, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusion: 28-week HIIT training program can reduce cardiometabolic risk and improve cardiorespiratory fitness in preschool children with overweight and obesity regardless of sex.
Keywords: Preschool children; HIIT; Cardiometabolic Risk; Obesity
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