Disparidades de género en el desempeño de pases largos entre jugadores de fútbol de alto nivel: implicaciones para estrategias de entrenamiento inclusivo (Gender disparities in long passing performance among senior football players: implications for inclusive training strategies)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107155Palabras clave:
Football, Long Pass, Gender Differences, Performance Metrics, KinematicsResumen
Antecedentes: El fútbol, como el deporte más popular a nivel mundial, abarca habilidades fundamentales como el pase elevado, una técnica fundamental que se domina temprano en el desarrollo del jugador. Objetivo del estudio: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las disparidades en el rendimiento de pases largos entre jugadores de fútbol senior masculinos y femeninos. Método y material: Se seleccionó aleatoriamente como sujetos a un total de 74 jugadores de fútbol, incluidos 35 niños y 39 niñas (de 15 a 18 años). Se registró información personal que incluía detalles académicos, edad, altura corporal (cm), peso corporal (kg), IMC (kg/m²), edad de entrenamiento y nivel jugado, junto con métricas de rendimiento futbolístico como: velocidad del balón (km), distancia del balón pateado (m) y distancia de carrera de aproximación (m). La recolección de datos implicó el uso de una pistola de radar Bushnell para pruebas de velocidad y pase largo (Modelo 101911, EE. UU.), una báscula digital para el peso corporal (BEURER Typ 35, Alemania), un estadiómetro para la medición de la altura corporal (SECA 206, Alemania) y una cinta métrica para mediciones de distancia. Análisis estadístico: El análisis de datos empleó estadísticas descriptivas, Media, DE y la Prueba U de Mann-Whitney para muestras independientes (p < 0,05). Resultados: Indican discrepancias significativas en las métricas de rendimiento entre niños y niñas mayores. Los niños exhibieron mayor velocidad de la pelota (Media = 79,00 ± 9,36 km) frente a las niñas (Media = 51,62 ± 7,92 km), con una estadística inferencial significativa de p < 0,00. De manera similar, la distancia recorrida por el balón con la patada favoreció a los niños (media = 46,53 ± 51,11 m) frente a las niñas (media = 17,47 ± 9,73 m), nuevamente con una estadística inferencial significativa de p < 0,00. Cabe destacar que las diferencias de género fueron menos pronunciadas en la distancia de carrera de aproximación. Sorprendentemente, la edad, la edad de entrenamiento y el IMC no mostraron correlaciones significativas con las métricas de rendimiento, lo que sugiere otros factores influyentes. Conclusiones: Estos resultados resaltan las notables diferencias en el rendimiento futbolístico entre géneros, destacando la mayor velocidad y fuerza de los niños en las patadas y en la cobertura de la distancia del balón. Mejorar el rendimiento general y la inclusión en el deporte puede depender de abordar estas brechas.
Palabras clave: Fútbol, Pase largo, Diferencias de género, Métricas de rendimiento, Cinemática.
Abstract. Background: Football, as the most popular sport globally, encompasses fundamental skills like the lofted pass, a cornerstone technique mastered early in player development. Purpose study: This study aimed to analyze long passing performance disparities between senior male and female football players. Method and material: A total of 74 football players, comprising 35 boys and 39 girls (ages 15-18 years), were randomly selected as subjects. Personal information including academic details, age, Body height (cm), Body weight (kg), BMI (kg/m²), training age, and level played, alongside football performance metrics such as: Ball speed (km), Kicked ball distance (m) and Approach run distance (m), were recorded. Data collection involved the use of a Bushnell Radar gun for speed tests and long pass (Model 101911, USA), a digital weighing scale for body weight (BEURER Typ 35, Germany), Stadiometer for body height measurement (SECA 206, Germany) and a measuring tape for distance measurements. Statistical analysis: The data analysis employed descriptive statistics, Mean, SD, and the Mann-Whitney U Test for independent samples (p<0.05). Results: Indicate significant discrepancies in performance metrics between senior boys and girls. Boys exhibited greater ball speed (Mean=79.00±9.36km) vs. to girls (Mean=51.62±7.92km), with a significant inferential statistic of p<0.00. Similarly, kicked ball distance favored boys (Mean=46.53±51.11m) vs. over girls (Mean=17.47±9.73m), again with a significant inferential statistic of p<0.00. Notably, gender differences were less pronounced in approach run distance. Surprisingly, age, training age, and BMI showed no significant correlations with performance metrics, suggesting other influential factors. Conclusions: These results highlight the notable differences in football performance between genders, highlighting the greater speed and strength of boys in kicks and ball distance covering. Improving overall performance and inclusivity in the sport may depend on addressing these gaps.
Keywords: Football, Long Pass, Gender Differences, Performance Metrics, Kinematics.
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