La relación entre la atención plena y los niveles de optimismo-pesimismo en los atletas (The relationship between mindfulness and optimism-pessimism levels in athletes)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.106558Palabras clave:
Athletic Performance, Psychological Resilience, Mindfulness, Optimism and PessimismResumen
Este estudio investiga la interacción entre rasgos psicológicos —Optimismo, pesimismo y atención plena— y su impacto colectivo en el rendimiento y bienestar de los atletas. Utilizando un modelo de encuesta correlacional, la investigación incluye una muestra de conveniencia de 236 atletas de diversas disciplinas deportivas, con una representación diversa a través de niveles educativos. La muestra incluyó un 33.1% de mujeres y un 66.9% de hombres, con una parte significativa con títulos de licenciatura. Se administraron la Escala de Optimismo y Pesimismo en Atletas (AOPS) y el Inventario de Atención Plena en el Deporte (MIS) para evaluar los constructos psicológicos. Los métodos analíticos incluyeron pruebas t, ANOVA y correlaciones de Pearson. Los resultados indican que no hay diferencias de género en Optimismo, pesimismo y atención plena en general. Sin embargo, los hombres mostraron mayores habilidades de reenfoque. No se observó un impacto significativo del tipo de deporte o nivel educativo en estos rasgos psicológicos. La edad no mostró correlación con las variables. Se destacó una asociación positiva entre el Optimismo y los subcomponentes de conciencia y reenfoque de la atención plena, resaltando el papel beneficioso del Optimismo. En contraste, el pesimismo mostró correlaciones negativas, sugiriendo su efecto perjudicial. Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de intervenciones psicológicas personalizadas que mejoren el Optimismo y la atención plena mientras reducen el pesimismo. Este estudio contribuye al campo de la psicología deportiva al sugerir que las intervenciones individualizadas son cruciales para fomentar la resiliencia psicológica y el rendimiento del atleta, con el potencial de crecimiento y adaptación que se extiende a lo largo de la vida.
Palabras clave: Rendimiento Deportivo, Resiliencia Psicológica, Mindfulness, Optimismo, Pesimismo
Abstract. This study investigates the interplay between psychological traits—Optimism, Pessimism, and Mindfulness—and their collective impact on athletes' performance and well-being. Employing a correlational survey design, this study engages a carefully selected convenience sample comprising 236 athletes from various sporting disciplines, encompassing various educational backgrounds. The sample included 33.1% women and 66.9% men, with a significant portion holding bachelor's degrees. The Athlete Optimism And Pessimism Scale (AOPS) and the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport (MIS) were administered to assess the psychological constructs. Analytical methods included t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlations. Results indicate no gender differences in overall Optimism, Pessimism, and Mindfulness. However, males displayed higher Refocusing abilities. No significant impact of sport type or education level was observed on these psychological traits. Age showed no correlation with the variables. A positive association between Optimism and the Mindfulness subcomponents of Awareness and Refocusing emerged, highlighting Optimism's beneficial role.
In contrast, Pessimism showed negative correlations, suggesting its detrimental effect. The findings underscore the need for tailored psychological interventions that enhance Optimism and Mindfulness while reducing Pessimism. This study contributes to sports psychology by suggesting that individualized interventions are crucial for fostering an athlete's psychological resilience and performance, with the potential for growth and adaptation extending across the lifespan.
Keywords: Athletic Performance, Psychological Resilience, Mindfulness, Optimism, Pessimism
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